INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ORCHARD TREES 431 



fall canker-worm moths issue during November and December 

 and lay the eggs which are to hatch early the next spring. 



The most efficient remedy is to spray with arsenate of lead 

 as soon as the foliage is well open. A second later spraying is 

 sometimes desirable. It is a common practice to place bands 

 around the trees to prevent the females crawling up to lay their 

 eggs. These bands usually consist of a strip of some heavy 

 paper tied tightly around the tree after the bark has been made 

 smooth. It is then covered with some sticky substance, such 

 as "tanglefoot," which will prevent the moths from crawling 

 over it. 



The White-marked Tussock-moth (Hemerocampa leuco- 

 stigma). The females of the tussock-moths are similar in 



FIG. 204. California tussock-moth, Hemerocampa vetusta; male above; 

 wingless female below. (Natural size.) 



appearance to the female canker-worm moths, being entirely 

 without wings. When they issue from the cocoon they seldom 

 travel far, often simply crawling on top of the cocoon to deposit 

 their eggs. The larvae vary a great deal in color and markings, 

 but they are always covered with long blackish or yellowish 

 hairs and have conspicuous tufts toward the anterior and 

 posterior ends of the body. On the Pacific Coast the most 

 common tussock-moth is H. zetusta, but there are other species 

 that may be found in the orchard or in woodland trees. 



