454 ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY 



associated with the black scale, but is easily distinguished be- 

 cause of its reddish-brown or yellowish color and by minute 

 darker spots or bars on its dorsal surface which may form more 

 or less distinct radiating lines. It is elongate oval in shape. 

 It is often very abundant on the trees, where it does con- 

 siderable damage by taking sap from the plant. This species 

 is attacked by three or four kinds of internal parasites that 

 usually keep it well in control, so that the grower does not often 

 have to resort to sprays or fumigation. 



The Red Scale of California (Chrysomphalus auranti.} 

 This is one of the most destructive scale insects in California. 



FIG. 215. Red scale, Chrysomphalus duranti, on lemon leaf. (Enlarged; 

 after Quayle, photo by Doane.) 



Unlike the black scale it does not secrete the honey-dew in 

 which the sooty mold grows, but the direct effect of the attack 

 on the tree is much more serious. It attacks all parts of the 

 tree, trunk, branches, twigs, leaves and fruit. The trees are 

 often killed within two or three years after the first infestation 

 if they are not properly cared for. Even when the insects 



