4 66 ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY 



smaller rootlets and may even injure the larger roots by eating 

 off the bark. They lie dormant during the winter, and come 

 near the surface early in the spring to pupate. 



Deep cultivation late in the fall or early in the spring will 

 destroy many of the larvae and pupae. A thorough spraying 

 with arsenate of lead as soon as the beetles appear will destroy 

 many of them, but a second spraying may be necessary a little 

 later. 



The Imported Grape-root Worm (Adoxus mtis), which occurs 

 in California, has habits similar to the eastern species just 

 described, and yields to the same treatment. 



The Grape-vine Flea-beetles (Haltica spp.). These are 

 small, shining, green or dark blue beetles, characterized by their 

 strongly developed hind legs which enable them to leap for 

 considerable distances. The rose-chafer, Macrodactylus sub- 

 spinosus, slender bodied and with long slender spiny legs, is 

 another beetle that feeds on the foliage of the grape. In spray- 

 ing for these various beetles the work must be done early, and 

 it is often advisable to add glucose or molasses to the arsenate 

 of lead (see page 415.) 



The Grape-berry Moth (Polychrosis viteana), and the grape 

 curculio, Capronius inaqualis, the larvae of both of which feed 

 on the foliage but do more damage by attacking the fruits, may 

 be controlled by similar arsenical sprays. 



The Grape Leaf -hopper (Typhlocyba comes). This is a very 

 widely distributed pest of the vines, and has come to be known 

 by many common names, such as leaf-hopper, vine-hopper, 

 vine-thrips or thrips, but as it is not a thrips at all, and as there 

 are several other kinds of leaf-hoppers, it is better to call it the 

 grape leaf-hopper. The adults are about one-eighth of an inch 

 long, with the body and wings prettily marked with red or 

 yellowish bands or spots. The over-wintering adults appear 

 on the vines as soon as the buds open, and a little later lay their 

 eggs beneath the epidermis of the underside of the leaf. The 

 young are small, whitish, wingless insects with conspicuous 

 red eyes, but become more and more like the adult with each 

 molt. In some regions there is only one generation each year, 

 but in other places there may be a partial or even a full second 



