36 COLEOPTERA. 



of twigs with its jaws by whirling itself round and round upon the 

 wing. 



Many of the foreign Lucanidce allied to Lucamts Cervus are 

 black or brown ; but in others, as in Odontolabis Cuvera, Hope, the 

 sides of the elytra are broadly bordered with yellowish tawny. 

 Other exotic species are of bright colours, and sometimes of extra- 

 ordinary shapes. One of the most beautiful is Chiasognathus 

 Grantii, Steph., a golden-green beetle found in Chili. Lamprima, 

 Latr., is a genus of moderate -sized Australian species, generally of 

 a metallic green or bronzy colour, with short projecting parallel 

 mandibles. Pholidotus, Macl., includes two South American species 

 with large diverging mandibles. Dorcus, Macl., is remarkable for 

 the enormous size of the head and thorax ; most of the species are 

 black, and have a general resemblance to Lucanus. D. Titanus, 

 Boisd., is a native of Java and the Philippines. 



Passalus, Fabr., and its allies form a very distinct section of 

 the Lucanidce, with long and rather flattened bodies, and with- 

 out large and prominent mandibles. They are generally of a black 

 or brown colour, and are all very similar in general appearance ; 

 they measure from half an inch to two inches in length. All the 

 species are extra-European, and by far the greater number are 

 natives of the East Indies or South and Central America ; Paxillus 

 Pentaphyttus, Beauv., is a North American species. 



FAMILY II. Scambceidce. 



Antennae eight- to ten- jointed, not angulated, and terminated 

 by a large lamellated club, generally composed of three plates; 

 mandibles seldom much developed. This extensive group is 

 divided into several sub-families, the most important of which it 

 will be desirable to treat separately. 



SUB-FAMILY I. Scarabceince. 



Antennae eight- or nine- jointed; club three-jointed; clypeus 

 covering the mouth, and projecting more or less above the eyes ; 

 middle coxae widely separated. 



The true Scarabceince are large or middle-sized beetles, easily 

 recognised by the broad flat rim of the head, which is often 

 serrated or horny. The typical genus Scarabceus, Linn., which 

 includes the Egyptian Sacred Beetle (Scarabceus Sacer, Linn.), 

 contains many black species, found in South Europe, Africa, and 

 the East Indies. The beetles of this family feed on dung, and are 



