BEETLES. 41 



genus Hexodon, Oliv., which includes black species, much rounder 

 and broader than the more typical representatives of this sub- 

 family. Another genus comprising species of comparatively small 

 size is Cydocephala, Latr. These beetles are all American, and 

 are generally of a reddish-brown or black colour. 



The Ehinoceros Beetle (Oryctes Bhinoceros, Linn.) is a black 

 beetle, two inches in length, with a long recurved horn on the 

 upper part of the head, and a bidentate projection from the front 

 of the thorax. 0. Nasicornis, Linn., is a smaller chestnut-brown 

 beetle, found in South Europe, which exhibits a similar structure. 

 The great cephalic and thoracic appendages of the Dynastince are 

 more developed in some individuals of the same species than in 

 others, and are always more or less rudimentary in the females. 



The genus Dynastes, Kirb., includes the largest species, such as 

 D. Hercules, Linn., from the West Indies, and D. Neptunus, 

 Quens., from Colombia. They are black, and the elytra in the 

 former are olive-grey. There is an enormous projection from the 

 thorax, bending downwards, and almost meeting another long pro- 

 jection from the head, which curves upwards. These species, 

 with the appendages of the males, are nearly six inches long. 

 Some genera of this group have a long horn from the head, often 

 bidentate at the extremity, and others have a long or short pro- 

 jection from the thorax, either slender or thick, and this too is 

 generally more or less bifurcate ; while in others there is a large 

 horn on the head, and instead of a central horn on the thorax, 

 there is one projecting forward from each of the front angles. 

 Most of the Dynastince are either black or brown. 



SUB-FAMILY XL Cetoniince. 



Head rather broad and flattened ; antennae ten-jointed, with a 

 compact three-jointed club ; head rarely with conspicuous append- 

 ages ; elytra not quite covering the abdomen. 



This sub-family, which includes the Goliath Beetles and Eose 

 Chafers, comprises a large number of brilliantly-coloured species, 

 most of which are active on the wing, and are found on flowers in 

 the day-time. The larvae feed on roots, or on rotten wood. Some 

 Goliath Beetles (the giants of the group, and among the bulkiest 

 of the Coleoptera) have black and white or red elytra, and the 

 thorax is longitudinally striped with black and white. The head 

 is white, and furnished with a short vertical horn on each side, 

 and with two larger projections at the extremity. The larger 



