BUTTERFLIES. 135 



tudinal green markings. Their larvae generally feed on different 

 species of Aristolochia, and are furnished with a pair of long fleshy 

 filaments at each extremity of the body, and sometimes also in the 

 middle. 



Many species of Danaus are met with in Asia and Africa (D. 

 Chrysippus being common in both continents), and several others 

 (all belonging to the tawny group of the genus) inhabit America. 



Amauris, Hiibn., is an African genus, which resembles Danaus 

 in size and shape, except that the fore wings are rather narrower 

 and more pointed. The species are black, with white spots and 

 markings on the fore wings, and more or less of the base of the 

 hind wings white. 



Ewplasa, Fabr., is a very large genus, especially numerous in the 

 Eastern Islands, though several species are found in India, Eastern 

 Africa, Madagascar, etc. Most of the species are velvety black or 

 brown, more or less marked with round white or pale-blue spots ; 

 many are shot with rich purple. They vary from two to five 

 inches in expanse of wing ; their wings are generally rather long 

 and narrow, and rounded off at the extremity. 



The American section of this sub-family includes a great num- 

 ber of very delicately-formed insects belonging to Ithomia, Hiibn., 

 and allied genera. The wings are generally very long and slender, 

 and either adorned with varied colours, in which black, yellow, 

 and tawny predominate, or transparent, except at the edges. They 

 vary from an inch and a half to four inches in expanse; and 

 several of the larger species of Lycorea and Tithorea, Doubl., etc., 

 much resemble butterflies of the genus Heliconius, Linn., with 

 which they were invariably classed until about twenty years ago. 



SUB-FAMILY IlSatyrina. 



Discoidal cells of the wings closed ; wings rounded or scalloped, 

 very rarely tailed, but nearly always with ocellated spots ; palpi 

 compressed, hairy ; larvae without spines, but with a bifid tail. 



The species of this sub-family are generally of moderate size 

 and dull colours. Their larvae feed on different species of grasses, 

 and the butterflies frequent meadows and woods. They are very 

 numerous in Europe, where nearly one-third of the known butter- 

 flies belong to this group ; but in tropical countries, as well as in 

 North America, they are far less numerous, especially in proportion 

 to the number of other butterflies. Many genera are almost con- 

 fined to mountainous countries ; and the disappearance of these 



