158 LEPIDOPTERA. 



ings of the under surface are much duller in the Bath White. 

 The Orange Tip frequents meadows, gardens, and open places in 

 woods. Several of the allied European species are yellow instead 

 of white, and others are not marked with orange, but are 

 streaked or spotted with silvery on the under surface of the hind 

 wings. 



Orange Tips belonging to the genera Teracolus, Swains., and 

 Ixias, Hiibn., are common in Africa and the East Indies, to which 

 the latter is confined ; but those belonging to the genus Hebomoia, 

 Hiibn., measure five inches in expanse, and are among the largest 

 of the Pierince. They are white or yellow insects, and are con- 

 fined to India and the adjacent islands. One of the finest species 

 is H. Leudppe, Cram., a native of Amboyna and Ceram. Almost 

 the whole of the fore wings is of a reddish orange, and the 

 hind wings are of a sulphur-yellow. The common Indian species, 

 H. Grlaucippe, Linn., is white, with a large triangular orange blotch 

 bordered with black near the tip of the fore wings. 



SUB-FAMILY II. Papilionince. 



Inner margin of the hind wings concave ; larvae naked or 

 hairy, always with a retractile fork on the second segment. 



This sub-family includes the true Swallow-tailed Butterflies, 

 which derive their name from the long tail on the hind wings. 

 But many genera and species do not exhibit this peculiarity, and 

 sometimes two closely-allied forms exhibit it in one case, and not 

 in the other. There are even some species in which one sex only 

 is tailed. They are insects of moderate or large size, and some of 

 the species are among the largest butterflies known. In several 

 the inner margin of the hind wings of the males is provided with 

 a longitudinal fold, lined with long fluffy hair. 



Parnassius, Latr., the first genus, considerably resembles the 

 Pierince in appearance. The species are all white, marked with 

 black spots, and large red spots surrounded with black. They 

 are all very similar, and inhabit the mountains of Europe, Asia, and 

 western North America. The best known species is P. Apollo, 

 Linn., a fine butterfly, averaging three inches in expanse, which is 

 common in the Swiss Alps. It has been reputed British, but there 

 appears to be no authentic instance of its capture in England ; and 

 some of the localities where it is said to have been taken (Dover, 

 for example) are so unlikely, that it could only have reached them by 

 being brought over alive, and then set at liberty ; for the species is 



