GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 181 



opening by valves, by teeth, by pores, or by 

 splitting latitudinally. (Ill, A-D) 



Achene, a dry, single-seeded fruit. (112, A 

 and B) 



Sometimes the calyx remains upon the fruit 

 in the form of a tuft of silky hairs (Pappus). 



Nut, a dry, single-seeded fruit covered by a 

 hard shell. (113) 



Samara, a nut with a membranous append- 

 age or wing attached to it. (114, A and B) 



Berry. In this fruit the seeds are embedded 

 in the soft, pulpy pericarp, which is protected 

 by a soft outer covering of thin skin. (115) 



The. Drupe has an outer covering of skin, 

 but the inner part of the pericarp has become 

 partly hard and woody (forming a stone, with- 

 in which is the seed) and partly fleshy. The 

 Drupe is often called a Stone-fruit. (116) 



THE DISPERSAL OF FRUITS. 



Plants have many wonderful contrivances 

 for dispersing their fruits and so preventing 

 the seeds falling into ground already occupied. 



