CHAPTER XI. 



IMPLEMENTS, ETC. 



Th»< .iiore common tools needed, are the shove^ the spade, 

 ana we hoe, for digging holes, transplanting, and cultivating 

 the f/«oinid. Tho rake is useful in mixing manures with 

 the b(»il lor filling the remote part? -^r large holes. 



INSTRUMENTS. 



Th » prureing-knife^ fig. 47, is a large hooked knife, for 



removing useless branches. 



The pruning-saw is needed 



in taking off larger limbs ; 



^attached to a handle seve- 



Fig. 47. ral feet long, it will reach 



those at a distance from the ground. The direction of the 



teeth should be the re- 

 verse of the common 

 saw ; that is, they should 

 Fig- 48. point towards the ope- 



rator, constituting what is called the draw-saiv, fig. 48. Be- 

 ing thus omy subject to a -pulling strain, it does not require 



so thick a blade as a 

 thrust-saiv^ with ikP 

 teeth in the usual wa 

 For this reason it 

 less liable co become 

 broken or twisted. The 

 Fig. 43 how-saw^ fig. 49, is a 



[ight saw fo* cTJtting near the ground. 

 The pruru?ig chisel may differ but little from those of a 



common carpenter, fixed 



I to the end of a long pole 



or handle, for cutting off 



small branches at a con 



^^^^•^ siderable height. It i? 



placed against a Jimb, and the stroke of a mall t separates it 



