82 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



failed, what then will avail? Will any of the comiriercial fertilizers- 

 in the market supply the needed want? Or, must I come to the con- 

 clusion that the variety is not suited to my kind of soil, and that, 

 therefore, the variety must be changed ? It is not a pleasant conclu- 

 sion to come to after planting, cultivating and taking the best of care 

 of a tree for ten years and when you expect, and it ought, to come 

 into bearing, to have to coax, coddle and wheedle the same tree for 

 ten long 3-ears more with no results worth mentioning. 



In m^' orchard there are twenty trees of the above variety' which 

 vary in the setting from ten to twenty years and which have produced 

 of fruit, in thai time, comparatively nothing, and yet I have been ad- 

 vised by a good orchardist, who also is one of the largest fruit dealers 

 in the State, to bear a little longer with this variety, as it is a good 

 one. Other winter varieties, such as the Golden Russet of New York, 

 the Poughkeepsie or English Russet and the Rambo or English Dom- 

 inie, which were introduced into my orchard quite extensively, have 

 long ago been discarded, as also other varieties introduced in a-more 

 limited way, such as Walbridge and Cooper's Maiket for winter, 

 Twenty Ounce, Colvert, Plum Cider, Grimes' Golden and Haas for 

 late autumn ; while for summer all my Duchess and Tetofsky trees 

 have been reduced to one each, and my Red Astrachans will, next 

 year, be reduced to two or three trees. 



Second. In the laying out and planting of an orchard it is more 

 economical and convenient, far more conducive to equanimity of 

 temper, and, consequently, it will tend to greater longevity of life to 

 have as simple au arrangement of the different varieties of apples as is- 

 possible or, in other words, to have each variety set by itself. I have 

 learned the folly of having a complex orchard and it has been my 

 desire and effort for the last few years to remedy this great defect 

 which was due more to a want of forethought on the part of my pre- 

 decessors than to indifference or carelessness on the part of myself. 

 Sometimes varieties will not come true to name, sometimes tags get 

 removed in transportation of 3'oung trees from the nursery, and some- 

 times varieties are misplaced in an orchard through the carelessness 

 or the indifference of the grafter. Every orchardist is liable to such 

 mistakes and no one can be too careful in guarding against them. 

 In this case, as in all others, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound 

 of cure. 



Third. I have learned that no exact rules can be laid down 

 either for pruning or training apple trees. In the training of a young, 



