162 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



ring to onr records it was shown that the benefit to the picked apples, 

 instead of being greater than that to the fallen fruit, was in 1885 

 about twent^'-seven per cent less, so that certainly no appreciable 

 effect was produced by spraying daring the life of the second brood. 

 The greater injury to the picked fruit is readil}' accounted for by 

 a circumstance to which I have already alhuled : viz., that our ex- 

 perimental trees were surrounded by others upon which no experi- 

 ment was tried, and were consequently subject to invasion by codling 

 moths of the second brood reared upon these unpoisoned trees. 



Not only do these experimental facts point to the inefficiency of 

 Paris green as against the later broods of the codling moth, but it 

 is plain that the result was what we must have expected a 2^riori, 

 As the codling moth of all broods deposits the egg habitually on the 

 blossom end of the apple, the poison taking effect only in case it 

 reaches the surface of the apple between the calyx lobes, it is evident 

 that there is little probability of effectively poisoning the fruit when 

 the apple is full grown and pendent upon its stem. 



Furthermore, I wish to emphasize especially the point that spray- 

 ing after the apples have begun to hang downward is unquestionably 

 dangerous, and should not be permitted under any circumstances if 

 the fruit is afterwards to be used. The results of the chemical 

 analysis reported in 1885 show that even heavy wind and violent 

 rain are not sufficient to remove the poison from the fruit at this 

 season, and remembering that the stem end of the apple presents a 

 large conical pit by which the poison could be received and held, 

 where neither rain nor wind could dislodge it, we have additional 

 reason for this absolute prohibition of the use of any poison danger- 

 ous to health except when the fruit is young. 



The experiments above described seem to me to prove that at 

 least seventy per cent of the loss commonly suffered by the fruit 

 o-rower from the ravages of the codling moth or apple worm may be 

 prevented at a nominal expense, or, practically, in the long run, at no 

 expense at all, by thoroughly applying Paris green in a spray with 

 water, once or twice in early spring, as soon as the fruit is fairly set, 

 and not so late as the time when the growing apple turns downward 

 on the stem. 



