THE SOCIAL SYSTEM 8i 



title supersedes all others. A child addresses, and 

 speaks of, his father as Taman, and his mother as 

 Inai or Tinan, and all four grandparents as Poi. 

 The parent commonly addresses the child, even 

 when adult, as Anak, or uses his proper name. 

 A father's brother is addressed as Amai, but this 

 title is used also as a term of respect in addressing 

 any older man not related in any degree, even 

 though he be of a different tribe or race. They use 

 the word Inai for aunt as well as for mother, and 

 some have adopted the Malay term Ma manakan 

 for aunt proper. The same is true of the words for 

 nephew and niece — the Malay term Anak manakan 

 being used for both. 



The terms used to denote degrees of kinship are 

 few, and are used in a very elastic manner. The 

 term of widest connotation is Parin Igat, which is 

 equivalent to our cousin used in the wider or 

 Scotch sense ; it is applied to all blood relatives of 

 the same generation, and is sometimes used in a 

 metaphorical sense much as we use the term 

 brother. There are no words corresponding to our 

 words son and daughter, anak meaning merely child 

 of either sex. There are no words corresponding 

 to brother and sister ; both are spoken of as Parin, 

 but this word is often used as a title of endearment 

 in addressing or speaking of a friend of either sex 

 of the same social standing and age as the speaker. 

 The children of the same parents speak of them- 

 selves collectively as Panak ; this term also is some- 

 times used loosely and metaphorically. A step- 

 father is Taman Dong] father-in-law is Taman 

 Divan ; forefather is Sipun, a term used of any male 

 or female ancestor more remote than the grand- 

 parents ; but these are merely descriptive and not 

 terms of address. A man of the upper class not 

 uncommonly has a favourite companion of the 

 middle class, who accompanies him everywhere and 



VOL. I G 



