26o PAGAN TRIBES OF BORNEO chap. 



line pattern, here termed ketong pat, and a somewhat crude 

 anthropomorphic design, known as kohong kelunan, human 

 head, covers the front and sides of the thigh (text Fig. 69) ; 

 the centre of the knee-cap is occupied by a very similar 

 anthropomorph, known however as nang klinge, the 

 important design, and extending in a semicircle round the 

 upper part of it is a design made up of intersecting zigzags 

 and known as kalang ngipa, the snake design ; below the 

 knee-cap is a transverse band of hour-glass shaped figures 

 termed pedjako. Nieuwenhuis also figures [9, PI. 84] the 

 thigh pattern of a chiefs daughter from the same river ; 

 this only differs from the preceding example in the greater 

 elaboration of the kohong kelunan ; the back of the thigh is 

 covered by a form of the ida pat pattern not by the ida 

 lima pattern. Some of the tatu-blocks employed by the 

 Mendalam Kayan women are figured in the same works 

 [9, PI. 82, and 8, PI. XXVIII.]. 



A comparison of the figures here given lends strong 

 support to the supposition that the tuba-root pattern is 

 merely a degraded anthropomorph. Fig. 69 is a recognisable 

 anthropomorph such as is tatued in rows on the thigh, and 

 some such name as tegulun, silong, or kohong is applied to 

 it. Fig. 70 is a knee-cap design, evidently anthropomorphic 

 in nature, but termed nang klinge, the important design, 

 since it is the last part of all to be tatued. Fig. 71 is termed 

 tushun tuva, but a distinct face is visible in the centre of 

 the pattern ; the general similarity between this last design 

 and the examples of tushun tuva shown in the designs 

 on PL 138, Figs. 4 and 5, is quite obvious; the lower of 

 the two tushun tuva designs in Fig. 5, PL 138, is com- 

 posed of angular lines, thus reverting to the angularity 

 of the lines in text. Fig. 69 ; at E, Fig. 3, PL 140, the lines 

 are partly angular, partly curved, and the bilateral symmetry 

 is entirely lost ; finally, in Fig. 72, the relationship of the 

 tushun tuva design to an anthropomorph is entirely lost. 



A typical form of tatu on the foot of a low-class woman 

 is shown on PL 138, Fig. 6; a chiefs daughter would 

 have some modification of the principal element of the 

 thigh design tatued on this part. 



ii. Kenyah Tatu. 



The culture of the Sarawak Kenyahs is closely allied to 

 that of the Kayans, and their tatu may be considered 



