54 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



with Paris green, and if it is proved that any solution of copper or 

 other substances are destructive to the spores of the leaf blight, the 

 apple scab or the twig blight the two substances may be used to- 

 gether at the same time with a large saving of expense. 



So, also, in the dentruction of the plum curculio, it has been found 

 that the application of Paris green in water is effectual, and the in- 

 troduction of the sulphate of copper mixture would possibly prevent 

 the rotting of the fruit and perhaps the black wart. 



The mixtures which are especially recommended b^^ the depart- 

 ment of agriculture are known as the "Bordeaux Mixture," Eau 

 Celeste, a solution of sulphate of copper and ammonia, and simple 

 solutions of sulphate of copper variously diluted, 



Bordeaux Mixkire. The Bordeaux mixture, a compound of sul- 

 phate of copper and lime, is made by disolving 16 lbs. of sulphate of 

 copper in 22 gallons of water ; in another vessel slake 30 lbs. of 

 lime in 6 gallons of water. When the lime is cool pour the two 

 together and stir thoroughly. This mixture is applied with a broom, 

 brush or by a pump with a nozzle that will allow the particles of 

 lime to pass through without clogging. 



Solution of Sulphate of Copper. This solution is made by dis- 

 solving 1 lb. of pure sulphate of copper in 25 gallons of water and 

 is ready for use at once with any hand pumps or spraying machine. 

 It can only be used on the shoots and branches before the leaves 

 appear as it is sure to injure the latter while j^oung. 



^'■Eau Celeste" In order to prevent the burning of the foliage by 

 the acid of the copper sulphate ammonia is used to neutralize it, and 

 the "Eau Celeste" or blue water is made by dissolving 1 lb. of 

 sulphate of copper in two gallons of hot water and when cooled add 

 1^ pints of commercial ammonia, when used dilute with 22 gallons 

 of water. 



The Bordeaux Mixture has proved the most successful in the 

 experiments made at Washington and other places, and can be used 

 with safety on the foliage. The solution of sulphate of copper alone 

 can be used upon the shoots before the leaves start and will probably 

 destroy a large number of the spores already in position for growth. 



The above remedies have been successfully used in European 

 vineyards and have been modified to suit our soil, methods and 

 varieties. 



It is claimed that none of these mixtures can affect the spores of 

 the true pear blight, but a thorough trial should be given it. 



