56 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Perhaps no one insect in the entire country is doing more injury 

 than the codling moth for it attacks the apple, pear, and quince alike, 

 and our apple crop the past year has been rendered almost worth- 

 less from the injuries of this insect alone. 



Within a few years the use of Paris green has been tried with 

 promising results. It has been used at the rate of 1 lb. to 100 gal- 

 lons of water at the time when the blossoms are just beginning to 

 fall and 70 or 80 per cent, of the fruit saved from injury. Further 

 experiments are required to determine its real value and we should 

 not give up the other means of destruction, i. e., feeding to cattle and 

 swine all fruit as soon as it falls from the tree, and combining 

 orcharding and pig and poultry growing. 



The plum curculio is the most injurious to our plum and cherry 

 crop, but does more or less injury to other large fruits. By recent 

 investigations it has been found that the beetle feeds upon the leaves 

 and fruit of the plum and cherry and that by the use of Paris green 

 they may be destroyed. Applications of the solution should be 

 made just before the blossoms unfold, when they begin to fall and 

 one or two weeks later. 



The a2)2^le maggot is an insect which punctures and burrows in the 

 tissues in such a way that its presence cannot be easily determined 

 until it is opened. It attacks the sweet and mild flavored varieties 

 in preference to the more acid. No remedv has thus far been discov- 

 ered except by the destruction of the fruit as food for animals or 

 their use in making vinegar. 



DISCUSSION. 



I have not spoken of the plum wart or black knot which with us 

 is one of the most difficult things to prevent. The wart, while it is 

 in character like the mildews and rust, produces quite a different effect. 

 The spores falling upon the branches and bark in the spring, pene- 

 trate the tissues and by the combined effort of the plant itself and 

 the tree this wart is formed, which produces numerous spores in the 

 fall and winter, which are scattered and again transmitted the fol- 

 lowing season. To destroy it we combine linseed oil, turpentine and 

 kerosene, a very simple remedy and one that is effectual. The kero- 

 sene must be used carefullj', as if it is allowed to spread over the 

 branch it will destroy it entirely. 



Either alone will destroy it, and you may cut it off afterwards or 

 let it remain. The application will destroy everj^ spore and render 



