STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 57 



it harmless. We have found the linseed oil effectual when applied 

 two or three limes, or turpentine and kerosene will kill it at once. 

 Linseed oil has the preference. I would make two applications, or 

 perhaps three. Kerosene will kill it at once, but if it is not care- 

 fully applied, if it runs over the outside of the wart it will do injury. 

 It should be applied just the minute the bark is affected by the wart. 

 You see first a little rising of the bark, a little excresence ; then 

 apply it, perhaps the first of June and then in July. 



During the summer there is a developing of spores on the sur- 

 face. Perhaps you have noticed that where the wart begins the 

 color changes to a darker hue, and has a velvety appearance. 

 Upon close examination you will find little spores growing upon 

 stalks at the end, and that gives the velvet^' appearance. In the 

 winter, if you examine it again, you will see it is covered over with 

 little glistening black projections. As the season advances they 

 open, and the spores escape from these little projections. So if they 

 are not destroyed by the applications, they should be cut off and 

 burned. The habit of the fungus is fully understood. There is no 

 question about the development of the spores and that they are scat- 

 tered and attack other trees. 



Mr. PorE. Will you speak of the apple scab ? 



Prof. Maynaud. The apple scab has appeared within a few years 

 and, like the mildew grows upon the surface and also in the tissues. 

 As we all know, it is particularly abundant in wet weather, the past 

 season it having been particularly noticed. We know of no remedy, 

 yet it is hoped that a sulphate of copper solution applied during the 

 summer two or three times, may destroy it. No positive results have 

 been obtained by its use, though it has been sometimes applied.. It 

 will not grow in cold weather, but in moist, warm weather it will 

 grow very abundantly'. In Massachusetts there was a great deal last 

 year following the hot, wet weather of July. 



In a dry season perhaps the condition of the tree would account 

 for it. In a dry season, on high land, the tree might be weakened 

 and in an unhealthy condition, and thus invite the fungoid develop- 

 ment. I think it is unquestionably a fact that these fungous diseases 

 will not show themselves in a perfectly health}^ tree. That is a con- 

 clusion that a great many are arriving at, although there are a great 

 many who still claim that thej' will attack healthy trees when the 

 conditions of the atmosphere are favorable. 



Mr. Blossom. Our pear trees here are affected by what we call 

 the pear blight, which turns the leaves brown. 



