STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 79 



is well established the young green plants may be transplanted as 

 readily as tomatoes or cabbages, in fact the finest raspberries I have 

 €ver grown have been planted with these green plants, which how- 

 ever cannot of course be as well transported as the dormant plants. 

 Whatever and however the plants are set cultivation should begin 

 early in the season, and be frequent and thorough through the sum- 

 mer months, so as to stimulate a rapid growth early in the season, 

 giving ample time for maturity of wood during the fall. The new 

 growth should be pinched back when fifteen to eighteen inches high. 

 This will cause a strong growth of lateral branches, which should 

 be allowed to grow at will, leaving all further trimming till early the 

 following spring. 



Some of our best market varieties, such as Cuthbert and Marl- 

 boro among the red ; Caroline and Golden Queen, yellow ; and Carmen 

 and Springfield, Earhart and Sourhegan black caps, are hardy 

 enough when well grown to withstand the frosts of most of the 

 northern sections of the United States with but little injury, except 

 now and then a winter when they get badly nipped, but as we are 

 after the money in small fruits, and the whole profit in the business 

 comes from little things, it is not wise anywhere north of latitude 

 forty-two, to attempt to let them go through the winter without 

 some protection ; plenty of snow will answer if you could be sure of 

 it. However, the present winter has taught us that it is not best to 

 depend on that, and as the next best and cheapest material is earth, 

 plans should be made to cover them late in the fall, just before the 

 approach of winter. This can be done cheaply and rapidly bj- two 

 men, one with heavy gloves to bring the canes as close together as 

 possible, and carefully bend them down lengthwise of the row, and 

 the other throwing a shovelful of earth at the base on the side 

 towards which they are being bent will prevent them from breaking ; 

 then a few shovelfuls of earth on the tips will hold them in place, 

 and the}' can pass on to the next plant, and so on over the whole 

 field, after which each can take a shovel and complete the covering 

 the whole at a cost of from five to eight dollars per acre. 



Where the rows are far enough apart to admit of it, after the 

 plants have been bent over and the tips held down with earth put 

 on with a shovel, the principal covering can be done with a team 

 of fast walking horses and a plow that will throw the soil well, and 

 so reduce the labor cost somewhat. This is a sure and safe method 

 of insuring the crop as far as the extreme frosts of winter might 

 affect it. As soon as frost is out and ground dry enough in the 



