INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 93 



light troops, and these animals ; at others, each war- 

 rior having his own dog to assist him ; and, lastly, 

 placing the dogs to guard their women and waggon- 

 camps. We find this usage among the Hircanians, 

 Caspians, Colophoni, Castahanentes, the Gauls, the 

 tribes on the Meander, and the Garamantes of the 

 Afi-ican Zaara.* The oldest Germanic tribes like- 

 wise used dogs ; and the Cymbers, when they were 

 defeated by Marius, left the glory of a long and ob- 

 stinate resistance to the Roman legions in the hands 

 of their women, and the valour of their dogs, Avho 

 formed the defensive force of the waggon-rampart 

 that inclosed their camp. The practice of using 

 watch-dogs to guard fortresses and castles, continued 

 until the introduction of regular armies. The town 

 of St. Malo, in France, for several centuries, was 

 guarded by a few watchmen, and many dogs kept 

 at the pubHc expense, who were unchained as soon 

 as the gates were locked. The Rhodian knights 

 trained theirs with particular care for this service ; 

 daring the invasion of Peru by the Spaniards, the 

 names of two dogs are recorded, who received regu- 

 lar soldiers rations.t 



But it was for the purposes of watching the flocks 

 and hunting, that dogs were most imiversally trained 

 from the earliest ages, and that pains began to be 

 taken to improve their required qualities, by cross- 



* See Pliny, Valerius Flaceus, and others. 

 + They were named Leoneillo and Vezerillo. Lopez, His- 

 tory of Peru. 



