EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 63 



Recent developments have proven that the material to 

 use for chewing- insects, particularly the Codling- Moth, is ar- 

 senate of lead in preference to Paris Green, although the 

 latter will give good results. In spraying- for the scale in- 

 sects, particularly the San Jose Scale, it has now been dem- 

 onstrated that the lime-sulphur wash is the best and cheap- 

 est insecticide that can be used, and it is also a good fungi- 

 cide. One can either make his own, according to the formu- 

 la of seventeen pounds of sulphur and twenty-two pounds of 

 lime, boiled one hour, strained and diluted to fifty gallons, — 

 or he can buy the commercial concentrated material, diluting 

 it one to eight, and spraying it on his trees with good results. 

 However, in using carbonic acid gas as the power for pres- 

 sure, it is necessary to dilute it with hot water, as less gas is 

 absorbed by the hot liquid than by the cold, and consequently 

 the gas has less chemical effect upon the preparation when 

 heated. There have been some remarkable examples in Penn- 

 sylvania of orchards saved by the lime-sulphur wash. Mr. C. C. 

 Gelwicks, a banker of St. Thomas, had an apple orchard so 

 badly infested with San Jose Scale that he was destroying his 

 trees, and we gave a demonstration there in the fall, showing- 

 how to make and apply the lime-sulphur wash. He sprayed 

 his trees twice with this material that winter. Mr. Kieffer, 

 a fruit buyer in Chambersburg, told me that although the 

 previous summer the fruit had been so badly marked with 

 San Jose Scale that it was worthless and he could not use it, 

 he went through the same orchard last summer trying in vain 

 to find a single scale-marked apple, for which Mr. Gelwicks 

 had offered him five dollars, if it could be found. Another il- 

 lustration worthy of note is that of two fruit growers, each 

 with about one hundred and forty acres of trees, with or- 

 chards adjoining. One used an oil preparation, viz.: "Tar- 

 get Brand," and failed to control the Scale on his trees, but 

 injured them considerably, and I am told that he sold only 

 ten carloads of ])eaches last summer, while his neighbor, with 

 an orchard of the same age and number of trees, used the 

 lime-sulphur wash, boiled with a steam engine and applied 

 with six compressed air sprayers, and kept the Scale in per- 



