76 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



protect their fruit trees by keeping the trees close headed. 

 The men of the coast head their trees high in order to work 

 underneath them ; the inland fruit grower needs a low-headed 

 tree because the stem and branches must be protected from 

 sun scald ; he needs to protect the trunk of the tree. The 

 coast fruit grower prunes in the summer to check growth, 

 while the man in the interior may prune in the winter. 



In the Matter of Spraying. 



On the coast they have conditions favorable to the growth 

 of fungi ; they have moisture, and fungous troubles develop 

 quickly. In the inland they are not troubled with fungous 

 enemies, but are greatly bothered with Codling Moth. The 

 men of the inland uplands must fight the Codling Moth and 

 must fight other apple insects, while the men of the coast fight 

 fungous diseases. One class works with his fungicides and 

 the other with his insecticides. 



After noting the spray methods of these westerners 

 I am free to say that in the East we don't know much about 

 spraying, from the standpoint of thoroughness. 



They realize that their work must be done so that every 

 apple will be perfect, so there shall be no number twos or 

 threes. In orchards where spraying was carried on thorough- 

 ly, six or seven applications of insecticides are sometimes made 

 in one season, and it would have been very difficult to find an 

 apple that was injured by the Codling Moth. Remember that 

 these growers are 2,000 miles from the great Eastern markets 

 and 5,000 miles from Europe. It costs a cent a pound to 

 carry fruit from the West to the East, so that they can't 

 afford to grow anything they cannot ship. They have got to 

 grow only first-class fruit. Spraying, pruning and other prac- 

 tices are absolutely essential to the raising of perfect apples. 

 In no other way can they maintain themselves. 



Markets. 



They have three markets, and they are working them all 

 "to a finish." You men here in Connecticut know one of them 

 they are working to a finish. 



