No. 1070, Vol. 42] 



NATURE 



15 



Law of Thermodynamics in Connection with the Kinetic Theory 

 of Gases" ; ibid., 1S77, "On Action at a Distance in Dielec- 

 trics" ; i&id., 1881 (joint author), "On the Law of Force be- 

 tween Electric Currents"; Hid., 1882, "A Theorem on the 

 Dissipation of Energy" ; ibid., 1886, "Remarks on Prof. Tail's 

 Paper 'On the Kinetic Theory of Gases'" ; " Encycl. Brit." 

 (joint author) Article, " Molecule." Attached to Science, and 

 anxious to promote its progress. 



Walter Gardiner, M.A.' (Cantab.), 



P\ L.S., Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. University Lec- 

 turer in Botany. Rolleston Prize, 1888. Author of numerous 

 papers containing original observations and discoveries in 

 Vegetable Physiology, of which the following are the more 

 important: — "The Development of the Water-glands in the 

 Leaf of Saxifraga crnstata" {Quart. Jotirn. Micros. Sci., 

 i88t); "On the Continuity of Protoplasm through the Walls 

 of Vegetable Cells" (Phil. Trans., 1883, and Sachs, Arbeit, d. 

 Bot. Inst, in Wiirzburg, Bd. iii. ) ; " On the General Occurrence 

 of Tannin in the Vegetable Cell, and a possible View of its 

 Physiological Significance" (Camb, Phil. Soc. Proc, 1883); 

 "On the Changes in the Gland-cells of Dionaa vtuscipula 

 during Secretion " (Roy. Soc. Proc, 1883); " On the Pheno- 

 mena accompanying Stimulation in the Gland-cells of Diomea 

 dichotoma {ibid., 1886); " On the Power of Contractibility ex- 

 hibited by the Protoplasm of certain Plant-cells " {ibid., 1887) ; 

 " On the Structure of the Mucilage Secreting Cells of Blechnum 

 occidentale 2si^ Osinunda regalis" {Ann. of Bot., 1887). 



John Kerr, LL.D., 



Mathematical Lecturer in the Free Church Training College, 

 Glasgow. Discoverer of the optical effects of Electrostatic 

 Stress in transparent solids and liquids ; and of the optical 

 effects of magnetism on light reflected from iron. 



Arthur Sheridan Lea, D.Sc. (Cantab,), 



Fellow, Lecturer in Physiolog/, and Assistant Tutor of Gonville 

 and Caius College, Assistant Lecturer of Trinity College. Uni- 

 versity Lecturer in Physiology. Author of the following 

 papers : — " Ueber die Absonderung des Pancreas" (Heidelberg, 

 1876); "Some Notes on the Urea Ferment" {Journ. of 

 Physiol, vol. iv., 1883); "On a Rennet Ferment contained in 

 the Seeds of Withania coagulans" (Proc. Roy. Soc, 1883); 

 "On the Comparison of the Concentration of Solutions of 

 Different Strengths of the same Absorbing Substance" {Joiirn. 

 of Physiol., vol. v., 1884) ; " Some Notes on the Isolation of a 

 Soluble Urea Ferment from the Torula Ureae;" "On the 

 Digestion of Carbohydrates" (Physiol. Soc, May, 1886, Journ. 

 of Physiol, vol. vi., 1885). Author of the Appendix to Foster's 

 " Physiology." Is distinguished for his acquaintance with 

 Physiology. Is attached to Science, and anxious to promote its 

 progress. 



Percy Alexander MacMahon, Major, R.A., 



As author of numerous papers in the Quart. Journ. Math., 

 vols, xix.-xxi., Proc. Lond. Math. Soc, vols, xv.-xix., Amer. 

 Journ. Math., vols, vi.-xi., on various subjects in Pure Mathe- 

 matics, connected with Invariants, Semivariants, Perpetuants, 

 Reciprocants, Partitions, Distributions, and Symmetric Func- 

 tions. Associate Member of the Ordnance Committee. In- 

 structor in Mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, 

 Woolwich, 1882-88. 



Alfred Merle Norman, M.A. (Oxon.),3 



Hon. Canon of Durham, D.C.L. (Durh.), F.L.S. Eminently 

 distinguished for his researches in Marine Invertebrate Biology, 

 carried on continuously for thirty-seven years. In 1880, Dr. 

 Norman, by the special invitation of the French Government, 

 took part in the deep-sea exploration in the Bay of Biscay, on 

 board Le Travailleur, and for his services received, in 1884, 

 the commemoration medal of the Institute of France. He 

 edited, with additions, vol. iv. of " Monograph of British 

 Spongiado;," by the late J. S. Bowerbank, for the Ray Society. 

 Author, along with T. R. Stebbing, of Crustacean Isopoda of 

 he Lightning, Porcupine, and Valorous expeditions in the 



Zool. Soc Trans., 1886; along with G. S. Brady, F.R.S., 

 "Monograph of the Marine and Fresh-Water Ostracoda of the 

 North Atlantic and North-West Europe," Roy. Dubl. Soc. 

 Trans., 1889 '■> " Report on the Crustacea of the Faroe Channel 

 — H. M. S. Knight Errant " (1880). Author of over forty other 

 reports published in the Brit. Assoc. Reports, Ann. and Mag. 

 Niit. Hist., Journ. Conchol., Journ Micros. Sci., &c., &c. 

 Chairman of the Jury on Natural History at the Fisheries 

 Exhibition, 1883. Possessor of Collections of the Invertebrate 

 Fauna of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, which are 

 probably unequalled, and are always at the disposal of authors, 

 as may be seen in every work published in Britain on the subject 

 for the last twenty years. 



William Henry Perkin, Jun., Ph.D., 



F.I.C., F.C.S. Professor of Chemistry in the Heriot Watt 

 College, Edinburgh. Formerly Privatdocent and Assistant in 

 the Chemical Research Laboratory of the University of Munich. 

 Distinguished as an Investigator, especially in devising new 

 synthetic methods for the preparation of organic compounds con- 

 taining closed carbon chains and in studying the properties of 

 this important class of substances. This work has attracted 

 great attention, both in this country and on the Continent. 

 Author, and joint author, of upwards of fifty papers, published 

 partly in the Journal of the Chemical Society, and partly in the 

 Berichte of the German Chemical Society, Amongst others — 

 "Condensation Products of Oenanthol," "Condensation Pro- 

 ducts of Isobutylaldehyde," " Benzoylacetic Acid and some of its 

 Derivatives," " Synthetical Formation of Closed Carbon 

 Chains," "Action of Trimethylene Bromide on Ethylic Aceto- 

 acetate, Benzoyl-acetate and Malonate," "Action of Ethylene 

 Bromide on Eihylic Aceto-acetate and Benzoyl-acetate," " Ac- 

 tion of Ethylene Bromide on Ethylic Malonate," "Trimethylene 

 Derivatives," "Some Derivatives of Tetramethylene," " Penta- 

 methylene Dicarboxylic Acid," " Some Derivatives of Hexa- 

 methylene," "Derivatives of Hydrindonaphthene," "New 

 Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives," " Dehydracetic Acid," 

 " Phenylenediacrylic Acid," " Paranitro-benzoylacetic Acid," 

 "Ethylic Diacetyladipate," "On Kamala," and "On Ber- 

 berine." As a teacher Ije has been especially successful in sug- 

 gesting and directing research work, as evinced by the number 

 of papers he has published in conjunction with his students. 



Spencer Umfreville Pickering, M.A., 



F.C.S. Professor of Chemistry at Bedford College. Distin- 

 guished as as investigator of the thermal changes attending dis- 

 solution of salts. Author of papers on " The Action of Sulphuric 

 Acid on Copper," " The Action of Hydrochloric Acid on Man- 

 ganese Dioxide," "Sodium Thiosulphate and Iodine," "Basic 

 Sulphates of Iron," " Sulphides of Copper," "The Constitution 

 of Molecular Compounds," "Modifications of Sodium Sulphate," 

 " Heat of Dissolution of Potassium and Lithium Sulphates," 

 "Calorimetry of Magnesium Sulphates," "Modifications of 

 Double Sulphates," " Multiple Sulphates," " Influence of Tem- 

 perature on the Heat of Chemical Combination," " Water of 

 Crystallization," " Heat of Hydration of Salts," and others, in 

 all about forty, published in the Journ. Chem. Soc, the Phil 

 Mag. , and the Chem. News. 



Isaac Roberts, F.R.A.S., 



F.G.S., V.-P. of the Literary and Phil. Soc. of Liverpool. 

 Discovery and publication, by aid of photographic methods, of 

 Nebulae in Andromeda, Orion, the Pleiades, and Vulpecula. 

 Charting by photography a considerable portion of the stars of 

 the northern hemisphere. Rediscovery of a minor planet by 

 photography. Improvements in the apparatus and methods for 

 giving long exposures in stellar photography. Invention of a 

 machine for accurately charting the stars in a permanent manner 

 by engraving them upon metal plates directly from the photo- 

 graphic negatives. The machine is also adapted for measuring 

 the positions and magnitudes of the stars {Monthly Notices, 

 Roy. Astron. Soc.). Determination of the Vertical and Lateral 

 Pressures of Granular Substances (Proc. Roy. Soc, 1884) ; 

 Investigation of the Movements of Underground Waters in 

 Porous Rocks. Various papers on astronomical and geological 

 subjects (see "Cat. of Sci. Papers, Roy. Soc"). Often finding 

 opportunities of rendering valuable aid to those engaged in 

 scientific research. 



