CEREALS 



343 



at first dark purple or reddish and 

 elongated, parallel with the length of 

 the leaf. Later the center turns black 

 and finally straw-colored, bordered by 

 a ijlack ring which merges into red- 

 dish purple at its outer edge/ Badly 

 diseased leaves turn yellow and dry 

 and shrivel from the tip toward the 

 base, lessening the fodder value and 

 seed yield of the plant. 



Smut (Ustilago Crameri Koern.). — 

 This smut infects the individual flow- 

 ers, destroying the lower parts of the 

 glumes. It has been noted in Ohio, 

 Minnesota, Connecticut, lUinois, Indi- 

 ana, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, North 

 Dakota, and South Dakota. 



The formalin treatment as recom- 

 mended for oat smut is appHcable. 



OAT 



Loose smut (Ustilago Avence (Pers.) 

 Jens.). — Under the name "smut," 

 "blackheads," etc., this disease is 

 known wherever oats are grown. Grain 

 and more or less of the chaff are re- 

 placed by a powdery black mass, which 

 shatters out as it ripens, leaving later 

 only the naked branches of the panicle. 



1 Jackson, Del. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 83, Decem- 

 ber, 1908. 



Fig. 146. — Leaf spot of 

 millet due to piricula- 

 riose. After Jackson. 



