Small Fruits 113 



From here the spores spread to the open blossoms and 

 infect the young fruit. No further evidence of the disease 

 is seen until the berry is nearly mature, when the affected 

 berries are found to be full of a cottonlike growth, the 

 fungous mycelium. At harvest time such berries show a 

 grayish, wrinkled spot, and later the whole berry becomes 

 gray, shriveled, and often spotted with dark-brown masses 

 which break through the skin. Such berries carry the disease 

 over winter. 



The destruction by iire of all infected fruit will lessen the 

 evil in succeeding seasons. 



Gall {Synchytrium vaccinii Thomas) . — The cranberry 

 gall, though not widely known, has been serious in some bogs, 

 and on account of its rapid spread may become of much 

 import in any bog to which it gains entrance. The first 

 collection of the fungus in America was by Halsted in New 

 Jersey in 1886. 



It is found upon the leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit as 

 small (0.8-1 mm.) red galls which occur in such profusion 

 upon the affected part as to cause marked distortion. 



The disease is known to recur year after year, resulting 

 in almost complete loss of the crop in infected portions of 

 bogs. 



Other plants upon which this gall occurs are: Azalea 

 {Rhododendron viscosum Torr.), sheep laurel (Kalmia an- 

 gustifolia L.), white alder (Clethra almfolia L.), leather leaf 

 {Cassandra calyculata Don.), huckleberry {Gaylussacia res- 

 inosa T. & G.), wintergreen {Gaidtheria procumbens L.). 



Burning over the infested areas is recommended. 



Numerous other fungi have been recorded on the cran- 

 berry, producing more or less disease. See literature cited. 



CURRANT 1^" 



Cane-blight ^-^' ^'^ {Boiryosphceria ribis Gr. & D., Macro- 

 phoma). — This affects both currants and gooseberries and, 

 reported in New York and Delaware, is probably widespread. 

 A sudden wilt of the leaves on one or more canes in a bush 



