Small Fruits 119 



accompanying figure. Treatment should be begun at the 

 condition shown in the left-hand figure, and continued at 

 intervals of ten days or two weeks until the requisite number 

 of applications have been made. Spraying begun when the 

 bushes are in the condition shown in the left figure gives 

 decidedly better results than when the spraying is delayed 

 until the condition shown in the other two figures. 



Cluster-cup (Puccinia pringsheimiana Kleb., jEcidium). — 

 Occasionally reddish, swollen, or thickened spots are noticed 

 over the leaves and sometimes upon the fruit of currants and 

 gooseberries. Close examination shows each spot to consist 

 of a cluster of minute cups embedded in the tissue of the 

 leaf, whence the name "cluster-cup." With a lens each cup 

 is seen to consist of a fringed rim extending above the surface 

 of the leaf, and to be filled with very small, red spores. 



The winter condition is found upon quite different plants; 

 namely, various common sedges (Carex) upon the leaves of 

 which it constitutes a genuine rust. 



The damage is not serious, and no experiments on a large 

 scale, in prevention, have been undertaken. If it should 

 prove destructive, thorough eradication of the sedges in the 

 neighborhood, particularly any that are rusted in autumn, 

 would be deemed necessary. 



Root-rots. — Root-rots upon both the gooseberry and 

 currant have been reported from various states. 



The plants die slowly. When dead and living canes are 

 found in the same hill, the living canes are somewhat dwarfed. 

 The fungi apparently spread through the soil, and the 

 infested area enlarges year by year. 



Little can be suggested in the way of treatment. It is, 

 however, best to pull up and burn affected plants, and it 

 is inadvisable to place susceptible crops upon soil which is 

 known to be infested. These rots have been attributed in 

 part to Arniillaria, see apple. 



Anthracnose and Leaf-spots are much as on the currant; 

 the Blister-rust is less common than on the currant. 



