Small Fruits 129 



Upon the canes the anthracnose is first seen as small, dark 

 brown or black spots, which soon become sunken in the 

 centers. The spots usually enlarge rapidly lengthwise of the 

 stem, though they may sometimes girdle it. Girdling is 

 particularly common upon stem clusters, where it is always 

 fatal. The centers of the older spots are ashen in color, the 

 edges dark, and the cankerlike spot extends from the bark 

 deep into the wood, rendering the shoot weak and brittle. 



Upon the fruit, spots 3-5 mm. in diameter are produced 

 similar to those upon the canes, except that the center does 

 not always become ashen. Here, too, a band of red often 

 surrounds the diseased part. The parts of the berry adja- 

 cent to the diseased spot remain green and develop normally, 

 which, associated with the red border, results in the peculiar 

 appearance which has led this disease to bear the name 

 "bird's-eye disease." 



If the berry is attacked while young, it may either out- 

 grow the disease or succumb to it. Several spots upon one 

 berry destroy its value, and spots upon one side may cause 

 distortion, cracking, and exposure of the seeds. 



Upon the leaves the dead spots are usually bordered by a 

 fine black line, and as the leaf enlarges the dead tissue of the 

 spot may rupture irregularly. 



Badly anthracnosed canes must be cut out and burned, 

 and a dormant spray applied, followed by protective sprays 

 as for black-rot. 



Necrosis, Dead-arm ^^^' ^'^^ {Cryptosporella viticola (Red.) 

 Sh., Fusicoccimi) . — This disease has been noted in New 

 York, Ohio, Georgia, and Indiana. It is said to cause loss of 

 from 1 to 5 per cent annually in New York. The Concord, 

 Niagara, Moore's Early, Agawams, Pocklingtons, Wordens. 

 Lindleys, Catawbas, Isabellas, and Scuppernong are sus- 

 ceptible. 



Necrosis may be recognized in the field by the following 

 characters: A trimmed and tied vine that has failed to 

 put out shoots; one that has sent forth shoots, the latter 

 dying after a few weeks; vines on which all or part of the 



