Cereals 295 



mold upon the lower sides of the leaves. Sometimes only the 

 tips of the leaves are affected, but usually whole leaves die. 



Yellowish, elongated spots limited by the veins, sometimes 

 covered with dark-colored spores, are produced. The disease 

 is confined almost entirely to late-planted corn, and is 

 prevalent during its early growth, though it has never been 

 reported upon seedlings. 



It is known to cause nmch loss in Delaware, New York, 

 and Connecticut, and is of widespread occurrence in the 

 United States. 



Chlorosis appears to be related to the mosaics in that it is 

 transmitted by sap or by contact. It occurs also in the 

 embryo. Two species of Sclerospora cause considerable 

 injury to corn in Italy, and have been collected in the United 

 States. The tassel is chiefly affected. Phyllachora causes 

 damage to corn in the warmer climates. In the Orient very 

 great loss is caused by a downy-mildew (Peronospora) . 



EMMER, EINKORN. See p. 310. 



KAFIR. See p. 307. 



MILLET 



Leaf-spot ^'" (Piricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc). — Upon the 

 lower leaves the disease occurs as a spot which is at first dark 

 purple or reddish, and elongated parallel with the length of 

 the leaf. Later the center turns black and finally straw- 

 colored, bordered by a black ring which merges into reddish- 

 purple at its outer edge. Badly diseased leaves turn yellow, 

 dry and shrivel from the tip toward the base, lessening the 

 fodder value and seed yield of the plant. 



Smut (Ustilago crameri Koern.). — This smut infects the 

 individual flowers of the fox-tail millets, destroying the lower 

 parts of the glumes and the grain. It has been noted in Ohio, 

 Minnesota, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, 

 Michigan, Colorado, North Dakota, and South Dakota. 

 U. panici-miliacei similarly affects the Panicum millets. 



