28 HEALTH AND DISEASE 



Water 2478 grains 



Flesh ... 1362 



3840 



There being present in the liver water equal to 64 '5 per cent. 



Estimation of Moisture in Muscular Tissue of a Horse in Health. 

 A piece of psose muscle was taken from a horse and weighed. After the 

 water had been expelled, it was found to have lost 50'37 per cent of 

 moisture. 



Estimation of Moisture in Hepatic Tissue of a Horse in Health. 

 A piece of liver was taken from a mare and weighed. After the water 

 had been expelled, it was found to have lost 44 - 2 per cent of moisture. 



Analysis of Urine in Health. Three samples of urine were taken from 

 three mares, and yielded respectively the following proportion of urea: 



1st sample ... ... ... ... 11 -9 parts per 1000 



2nd sample 12'4 



3rd sample ... ... ... ... 11-38 



When treated with peroxide of hydrogen and tincture of guaiacum they 

 gave no coloration, showing the absence of blood; when a small quantity 

 of blood was added to the urine the hydrogen peroxide and guaiacum 

 gave a distinct blue coloration. 



Analysis of Urine in "Azoturia". On Wednesday, June 13th, 1883, 

 a portion of urine removed from a bay cart mare suffering from "Azoturia" 

 was submitted for analysis. 



Physical Characters. Colour, in bulk, chocolate-brown; viewed in a 

 test-tube, bright red, transparent, somewhat thicker than water; a small 

 amount of granular matter visible in suspension. Specific gravity 1'015. 

 To test-paper it gave a distinctly alkaline reaction. On the addition 

 of nitric acid there was no effervescence; on being boiled a flocculent 

 precipitate of albumen was thrown down. A portion of urine was taken 

 and tested by the guaiacum test previously employed for the healthy 

 urine, when a beautiful blue coloration was produced, indicating the 

 presence of blood. A portion of blood from the same animal afforded 

 the same reaction. The total solids were equal to 30'36 parts per 1000, 

 and were of a bright-red hue, due to the presence of the colouring matter 

 of the blood, and were estimated according to Neubauer's process. The 

 urea was estimated by Eussell and West's process. The ash or total 

 saline matter was found to be equal to 4 '61 parts per 1000. The ash 

 contained a very large amount of iron, probably derived from the con- 

 stituents of the blood. The ammonia was estimated by Schlosing's method, 

 and found to be equal to '0039453 parts of urea per 1000. 



