34 HEALTH AND DISEASE 



lieate and a sodeyne colde, and appereth at his nosethrylles and betwcne 

 his chall (jowl or jaw) bones. Mournynge on the chyne is a desease in- 

 curable, and it appereth at his nosethryll lyke oke water. A Glaunder, 

 when it breaketh, is lyke matter. Broken winded and pursiveness is but 

 shorte blowy nge. . . . The Farcy on is an yll soraunce and maie well 

 be cured in the begynnynge and wyll appere in dyuerse places of his 

 bodye, and there wyll ryse pymples as muche as halfe a- walnut-shell, 

 and they will followe a veyne and wyll breake by itself, and as many 

 horses as do playe with him that is sore and gnappe of the matter that 

 runneth out of the sore shall have the same sorance within a moneth 

 after; and therefore keep the sycke from the whole. And if that sorance 

 be not cured betyme he wyll dye of it." 



Other writers Dr. Bracken on the Art of Farriery, 1739; Mr. Gibson, 



1751; James White, 1802 give their views 

 as to the nature and origin of the disease. 

 Dr. Bracken does not believe that the affec- 

 tion is contagious any more than a cold or 

 consumption is, in which he is probably 

 correct, as both these diseases are undoubt- 

 edly contagious, but he guards his expres- 

 sion of opinion against any mistake by 

 asserting that the cause of the disease is 

 atmospheric. It is curious to note that 

 the same authority considers the discharge 



Fig. 2i3.-Baciiius mallei from the ulcers of farcy may be contagious. 



Mr. Gibson looks upon glanders as the most 



infectious of all maladies that attack the horse. James White also con- 

 siders glanders a contagious disease, but he believes also that it may 

 arise spontaneously, adding, however, that the most common cause of farcy 

 is contagion from a glandered or farcied horse. That he considered the 

 diseases to be identical is apparent from his remark that they will recip- 

 rocally produce each other. 



Causes. Not many years ago numerous causes were quoted as being 

 directly or indirectly concerned in the production of glanders, as, for in- 

 stance, the debility arising from attacks of acute diseases, insufficient or 

 bad quality of diet, and generally exposure to insanitary conditions. Since 

 the discovery, however, of the infecting organism of glanders by Schiitz 

 and Loffler in 1882, which is known as the Bacillus mallei (fig. 213), only 

 one cause can be referred to, i.e. the transmission of the infecting germ 

 derived from a diseased animal. That the bacillus of glanders is the real 

 cause of the disease was proved by Schutz, who cultivated the organism 



