36 HEALTH AND DISEASE 



diseased nostril. In the chronic form of glanders the discharge from the 

 nostril is sometimes so slight as to attract very little attention, and no 

 ulcers can be seen on any part of the nasal membrane, which, however, 

 is frequently pallid or of a bluish discoloration. Even these symptoms 

 are, however, absent in many cases in which a post-mortem examination 

 will prove the animal to be affected with glanders. 



When glanders presents itself in the form of farcy, the real difference 

 in the symptoms results from the presence of the local disease in the 

 skin, chiefly that of the hind extremities. The nodules and subsequent 

 ulceration in the mucous membrane, which are characteristic of glanders, 

 are accepted as indications of farcy when they appear in the skin. In 

 both forms of the disease there is the same affection of the lymphatic 

 vessels and their associated glands, and the distinctive nodules of glanders 

 which are found in the lungs are also seen in cases of farcy. 



Accompanying the eruption of the so-called farcy buds in the skin 

 of the extremities there is usually a tumefaction of the lymphatic vessels 

 and general enlargement of the affected limb. Indeed, the first symptom 

 of the disease is commonly a certain degree of stiffness of movement, which 

 becomes more marked as the swelling increases. Farcy, when treated as a 

 separate disease, was considered to be less serious and more amenable to 

 treatment than glanders. In many instances animals apparently recovered 

 under a course of tonic medicine with liberal rations, but it was allowed that 

 such recovered animals often exhibited distinctive symptoms of glanders 

 after an attack of any acute disease, as influenza or pneumonia. 



The symptoms of farcy are so definite that any experienced stableman 

 would consider himself competent to decide whether or not the disease 

 existed in any horse under his charge, but recent investigations by Algerian 

 veterinary surgeons, and also by Professor Nocard, indicate that it is 

 extremely likely for the most marked symptoms to lead to a wrong diag- 

 nosis, as there exists in horses a form of inflammation of the lymphatics 

 which was first noticed by the veterinary surgeons of the Algerian army, 

 and described by them as suppurating lymphangitis which presents the 

 chief symptoms of farcy, i.e. swelling of the limb, enlargement of the 

 lymph vessels, formation of small tumours (farcy buds) which burst and 

 subsequently undergo ulceration. 



How extremely close the resemblance between the two diseases epi- 

 zootic lymphangitis and farcy is may be judged from Professor Nocard's 

 remarks in reference to fifty-nine cases of apparent farcy forty-three only 

 were really the subjects of the true disease (glanders); the other sixteen 

 were affected with suppurating lymphangitis. The two affections may be 

 distinguished by microscopic examination of the matter discharged from 



