172 



HEALTH AND DISEASE 



Tomia rnamillana 

 (nnt. size). 



In young animals a serious mortality is often caused by the invasion 

 of this worm in large numbers, as both the parent worm and the young 

 ones are true blood-suckers, and the embryos begin their ravages as soon 

 as they escape from the cysts in which they are coiled up under the 

 mucous membrane, in the manner seen in the illustration below, which 

 is taken from a portion of the caecum. 



In the case of these two parasites, medical treatment has not hitherto 

 proved very successful. Turpentine, chinosol, perchloride of iron an; 

 the most promising remedies. Colts, the animals which suffer most from 



the invasion of the parasite, may receive san- 

 tonine in doses of 10 grains in a ball, or mixed 

 with the food every day for three or four days, 

 to be followed by a dose of linseed-oil. 



Other nematodes have been described by 

 writers, but they are not of very frequent 

 occurrence, and it does not appear that they 

 have been found among horses in this country. 

 Information regarding them may be found in 

 Neumann On Parasites, from which work some 

 of the illustrations of the present chapter are 

 reproduced. 



Very few of the parasites of the next class, 

 cystic worms or flat-worms (flat helminths), 

 inhabit the intestines of the horse. 



The common name tape-worm is given to 

 these parasites. In the horse the few tape- 

 worms which infest the intestines are remark- 

 able for their small size in comparison with 

 other varieties which are found in cattle, sheep, 

 and dogs. 



The three varieties are: the Tcenia per- 

 foliata, which is something under 2 inches long and f inch in width; 

 Tcenia plicata, about 3| inches long and f inch in width; and Tcenia 

 mamillana, which is about an inch in length, and a little more than 

 inch in width. (Fig. 276.) 



The perfoliata, which is most common, is distinguished by the presence 

 of a peculiar appendage, forming a kind of collar, round the neck. The 

 parasite inhabits the caecum, seldom being seen in other parts of the 

 intestinal canal. (Fig. 277.) 



Tfenia plic.ata is said to be found in the small intestine; sometimes 

 in the stomach (fig. 278). The Toenia mamillana (fig. 279) is also said to 



Tconia perfoliata Tffinia plicata 



(nut. size). (nat. size). 



Fig. 276. Tape-worms 



