11 



Physiographic and Forest Conditions 



I. Drainage, Topography, Geology, and Soils 



The territory to which the present report refers is the drainage 

 basin of the Trent Canal waters lying in the townships enumerated 

 below, in general, those north of Kawartha lakes and Crow lake. The 

 eastern boundary of the territory is formed by the drainage basin of 

 Beaver creek, a tributary of the Crow river, in Hastings county ; and the 

 western boundary by the drainage basin of Gull river in Haliburton and 

 Victoria counties. The townships in Peterborough county lying be- 

 tween Stony lake and Rice lake were not included in the survey because 

 of their prevailingly agricultural character. For the same reason the 

 township of Verulam, lying north of Sturgeon lake, was not explored. 

 With these exceptions, all the territory draining from the north into the 

 Canal and lying between the eastern and western boundaries as given 

 above, was explored. The region includes portions of Marmora, Tudor, 

 Limerick, Cashel, Faraday and WoUaston townships and the whole of 

 Lake township in Hastings county ; Methuen, Burleigh, Harvey, Gal- 

 way, Cavendish, Anstruther and Chandos townships in Peterborough 

 county ; Cardiff, Monmouth, Glamorgan, Snowdon, Lutterworth, 

 Minden, Dysart, Guilford and Stanhope townships, and portions of 

 Harcourt, Dudley, Harbum, Havelock, Sherborne, Hindon, and Anson 

 townships in Haliburton county ; Somerville township in Victoria 

 county, and a small portion of Ridout township in Muskoka district. 

 The total area surveyed was 1,345,500 acres. 



Drainage Basins^The Crow River drainage basin is the largest 

 in the Trent watershed, including an area of 497,900 acres. The name 

 is applied to the outlet stream of Round lake, in the township of Bel- 

 mont. Its upward extension from Round lake is called North river. 

 Between Round and Belmont lakes, it receives the waters of Otter 

 creek ; Deer river falls into Belmont lake, and near the outlet of Crow 

 lake, Beaver creek falls in. Of the tributaries, Deer river, and its 

 northern extension, Paudash creek, is the largest, and drains 214,200 

 acres. Its headwaters are in southwestern Faraday and southeastern 

 Cardiff. On its way to the Crow river it flows through three large 

 lakes, the Paudash lakes in Cardiff, Belmont lake in Belmont, and 

 Crow lake in Marmora, and receives the drainage of Loon lake in Chan- 

 dos. Beaver creek drains 150,800 acres, and its principal storage basins 

 are Salmon lake in Limerick and Little Salmon lake, and Devil lake in 

 Cashel. Otter creek and North river drain only 57,500 acres. The 

 latter has a large storage basin in Kasshabog lake in Methuen town- 

 ship. All of these waters reach the Trent canal in the township of 



