70 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 



crop along the Hastings road. While not so elevated, the country is 

 very rough in the northwestern portion of the township around Tan- 

 gamong and Copeway lakes. The rest of the township, with the 

 exception of scattered, steep-bluffed hills, has the usual low ridges 

 characteristic of the Archaean. 



Rock and Soil. — The rocks covering the greater area are hornblende- 

 schist and crystalline limestone. There are three large intrusions of 

 volcanic rock through them. The largest of these is two miles wide 

 and extends northeastward, from Mud Turtle lake ; another, in the same 

 direction from Whetstone lake, and still another from Tangamong lake. 

 The Tudor intrusion of diorite extends four miles in a westerly direction 

 into the township. Copeway lake lies in an outcrop of massive granite 

 and there is a patch of sedimentary limestone in the southwestern 

 comer near Vansickle post office. 



The eastern portion of the township is deeply covered with glacial 

 drift soil of sandy loam, which, however, is filled with pebbles and 

 stones. The soils of the western half are much thinner, more sandy, 

 and, in many places, the bare rock is exposed. 



Forest Conditions. — The prevailing forest type of the township is 

 hardwood, with sugar maple as the most abimdant species, this and 

 beech making up three-fourths of the stand. The minor species are 

 basswood, hemlock, elm, and ash. While the more valuable hardwoods 

 have been removed, the cutting has not been sufficient to break the crown 

 cover, so that the eastern portion of the township, especially, appears 

 as an unbroken forest. A strip of the same nature extends half way 

 down the western side from the north. This type occupies 56.4 per 

 cent of the area. Between the hardwood areas there is a belt of the 

 poplar-birch-old bum type, which comprises 38.6 per cent of the town- 

 ship. Around the lakes in the northeastern comer, there is consider- 

 able intermixture of hemlock and pine, but the mixed type, as a whole, 

 covers only 1.4 per cent of the area. The pure coniferous type is prac- 

 tically lacking. One and one-half per cent of the area was burned 

 in 1911. 



Tudor Township 

 Watersheds. — Only the northern and western portions of this 

 township, some 35 square miles, drain to Beaver creek, and thence 

 to the canal waters, the remaining portion draining to the Moira river. 

 Tudor has only 800 acres of water surface within the Trent watershed, 

 the largest body being Horseshoe lake near Glanmire. 



Topography. — The most conspicuous feature of the township is 

 the diorite ridge entering Tudor from Lake township in Hastings 

 Road lots 46 to 57, and extending eastward to lot 12, concession xi. 



