CONDITIONS BY TOWNSHIPS 71 



The ridge rises abruptly on the southern side, often in precipitous 

 cliffs between 300 and 400 feet above the general level of the country ; 

 on the northern side the slope is less abrupt. South of this diorite 

 ridge the topography has little relief, while to the northward the country 

 consists of low ridges 50 to 100 feet above the general level. The most 

 pronounced of these ridges extends in a northeasterly and southwesterly 

 direction along the northern side of Beaver creek to Bass lake. 



Rock and Soil. — The rock on the diorite ridge is very near the sur- 

 face, much of the area along the crest being entirely exposed or strewn 

 with boulders, and there is not even sufficient soil for normal tree growth. 

 North of this ridge the region is underlain by amphibolite and lime- 

 stone with amphibolite intrusions. Through these at several places, 

 especially at Glanmire, southeast of Bass lake, and at the township line 

 south of St. Ola protrude low rounded bosses of massive granite. The 

 amphibolite is micaceous, erodes with difficulty and makes a thin, sandy 

 soil when eroded. The limestone is siliceous and also gives rise to a 

 similar soil. 



Forest Conditions. — The portion of Tudor township within the 

 Trent watershed is forested to the extent of 88 per cent of its area. 

 Most of this was originally pine land and is now covered with poplar 

 and birch from 20 to 40 years old.* This type extends over 

 64.3 per cent of the area. The hardwoods, covering 14.3 per cent 

 of the area, have been culled of the more valuable species such as bass- 

 wood, elm, ash, and, to a certain extent, hemlock. Only about 800 

 acres were classed as semi- virgin, and they lie near Horseshoe lake. 

 The mixed coniferous-hardwood type occupies 5.7 per cent, and the 

 pure conifer type 1.2 per cent of the drea. The latter is found in the 

 swamps, since only small patches of pure second growth pine remain. 



Along the Hastings road on the summit and northern slope of the 

 diorite ridge, are some 600 acres which were burned about ten years ago, 

 as well as an area of equal size in the northeast portion of the township 

 which was burned six years ago. The greater portion of the territory 

 south of Horseshoe lake, about ten square miles, was run over by a 

 surface fire last year. The recent fires ran over i . i per cent of the area . 



Limerick Township 

 Watersheds. — Of the 80 square miles of the township of Limerick, 

 47 square miles are drained by Beaver creek and 20 square miles by 

 Deer river into the Trent canal, while the remaining portion drains 

 northeastward by the York river into the Ottawa. The township 

 contains 3,000 acres of water surface, one-half of which is contained 

 in Salmon lake, the largest body of water. 



*See page 52. 



