CONDITIONS BY TOWNSHIPS 77 



mentary limestone, the soil is a heavy loam. Near the township line, 

 while the soil on the limestone is of good quality (silt loam and clay 

 loam) it is too shallow for really successful agriculture on most of the 

 farms. 



Forest Conditions.— Oi this township, 95 per cent is forest land, and 

 82 per cent of this has been btimed within the past forty years. In 

 191 1, 9.5 per cent of the area was burned ; 3 per cent ten years ago ; 

 70.4 per cent has been burned at various times between 20 and 40 

 years ago. The latter areas are covered with birch and poplar. The 

 original forest was pine interspersed with hardwood ridges and hard- 

 wood fiats around some of the lakes. The stumps show that the pine 

 occiured in many places at the rate of 60 trees upon an acre. With 

 the exception of a few scattered patches, 70 per cent of this area has 

 no young white pine to take the place of that cut and burned. On 

 12 per cent of the area, however, there is a fair reproduction of white 

 pine. This is most pronounced on the areas which have been burned 

 but once. Many of the farm wood-lots on the sandy terraces of Eels 

 brook show excellent second-growth white pine. 



In the northeastern and the southwestern comers of the township, 

 there is a culled hardwood forest, constituting 8 per cent of the total 

 forest area. Maple and beech are the predominant remaining species, 

 the merchantable ash, elm, and basswood having been removed. The 

 remaining 10 per cent of the forest area consists mostly of swamps and 

 semi -barrens. 



Anstruther Township 

 Watersheds. — The greater portion of Anstruther is drained by 

 headwaters of the Mississagua river, which flows into Buckhom lake. 

 A strip about 2}^ miles wide along the whole eastern border of the 

 township is drained by Eels brook. The township contains fourteen 

 lakes of considerable size, the largest. Eagle lake, near the southern 

 border, containing 1,400 acres. The whole lake surface of the township 

 is approximately 5,000 acres. 



Topography. — The highest points are a series of rounded granite hills, 

 about 100 feet above the general level in the south central portion of the 

 township. There are hills of about the same elevation around Eels 

 lake in the northeastern comer of the township. The remaining portion 

 has the usual topography of an elevated plain interspersed by ridges 

 25 to 50 feet above the general level. 



Rock and Soil. — The township is practically all granite and rock 

 of a similar nature, except in the valley of Eels brook, where homblende 

 schist and crystalline limestone occur. In the four most northem 

 concessions across the township, the granite is covered by a loam to an 



