CONDITIONS BY TOWNSHIPS 85 



fire in the early 'eighties.' The mature forest is now represented by 

 maple-beech wood-lots from which most of the merchantable saw-logs 

 have been removed. These comprise 9.9 per cent of the area. One 

 and five-tenths per cent of the township supports a mixed coniferous- 

 hardwood forest, also severely culled. 



Snowdon Township 



Watersheds. — The township of Snowdon is drained by Burnt 

 river and its tributaries. The largest of these, the Irondale (in reality 

 the main stream, but not so named), after collecting the waters of the 

 southeastern third of the township, meets the Burnt river at Kinmount 

 Junction. Near the same point another stream enters from the north, 

 flowing just back of the Bobcaygeon lots nearly across the township. 

 Near the centre of Snowdon, Burnt river receives another branch 

 flowing from the Canning-Kashagawigamog lake series in Minden and 

 Dysart. 



Topography. — The eastern portion of Snowdon is the more diversi- 

 fied, having numerous rather sharp crested ridges. The western half of 

 the township is a broad plateau, not dissected to the usual extent. 



Rock and Soil. — The township is composed chiefly of granitic rock. 

 A narrow strip along the northern boundary and the northwestern 

 comer, as well as the southeastern comer, are occupied by outcrops of 

 crystalline limestone. The northern third of the township is fairly well 

 covered with glacial drift, with loamy but rather stony soils. To 

 the southward the soils are thinner, with frequent outcrops of bare 

 rock, especially in the areas lying between the Burnt and Irondale 

 rivers. 



Forest Conditions. — Like Lutterworth, the greater portion of Snow- 

 don was once covered with pine, and it, too, is now practically 

 without mature forests, since the aggregate of the scattered patches 

 amounts to only 7 per cent of the area. Of this, 3.1 per cent is of the 

 hardwood type, 2.3 per cent mixed, and 0.6 per cent coniferous. 

 All of these have been severely culled of their saw-logs. The present 

 forest is, to the extent of 81.5 per cent of the area, of the poplar-birch 

 old-bum type. 



Minden Township 



Watersheds. — The waters of Minden reach the Trent canal through 

 Burnt and Gull rivers, the former draining the northwestern half 

 and the latter the southeastern half of the township. Minden is 

 well supplied with lakes. Little Boshkung, Twelve-mile, Mountain and 

 Horseshoe lakes, through which Gull river passes, total about 2,600 

 acres of water surface, and Soyers, Kashagawigamog, and Canning lakes, 



