88 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 



or 13 per cent of its area. Redstone, situated in the northeastern 

 portion of the township, is the largest lake, having a surface of 2,500 

 acres. 



Topography. — The topography of the township increases in diver- 

 sity, and the ridges become higher towards the north, where they stand 

 about 300 feet above the water courses. 



Rock and Soil. — The valley containing Eagle, Cranberry, Grass and 

 Pine lakes is crystalline limestone. The rest of the township is gneissic 

 granite. The whole township is well covered with glacial drift soil, 

 which is, for the most part, a stony sandy loam, and is thinly dis- 

 tributed on the higher slopes. 



Forest Conditions. — Apparently there was considerable pine scat- 

 tered through the original forest, but this has now been removed, 

 except for a patch of some 3,000 acres in the northwestern comer of the 

 township. Along the streams and around the margins of the lakes, 

 hemlock is abundant, especially around the chain of lakes lying west- 

 ward of Redstone lake. As a whole, the proportion of conifers is greater 

 in the northern portion of the township. The forest is, however, 

 prevailingly of the hardwood type, which comprises 62 per cent of the 

 area.* The coniferous type is next in abundance, covering 23.1 per 

 cent of the area. Four and six-tenths per cent of the township is cov- 

 ered by the old-bum type and 3.8 per cent by the mixed mature forest. 



Stanhope Township 



Watersheds. — Stanhope has the most picturesquely situated lakes 

 within the area of this report, being for the most part surrotmded by 

 mature forests. The three largest, all about the same size, are Bosh- 

 kung, Kashagawi, extending clear across the western border of the 

 township, and Pipikwabi. Each of these has a surface of about 1,600 

 acres. The total water surface of the township is 4,500 acres, or 12 

 per cent of its area. This township drains into Gull river. 



Topography. — The southern half of the township has the typical 

 plateau topography, with frequent sharp peaks and knolls standing a 

 hundred feet or so above the general level. The ridges are more fre- 

 quent, and the valleys deeper, in the northern half of the township. 



Rock and Soil. — The southeastern portion of the township is 

 underlain by crystalline limestone. The remaining portion of it is 

 gneissic granite. The southern third of the township is deeply covered 

 with drift soil, frequently of sufficient fineness to make good agricul- 

 tural soils. The soils in the northern portion are thin and stony. 



* For the composition of this type see pages 45, 46. 



