THE MORALITY OF HAPPINESS. 311 



found in the Swiss plain nor in the Jura. It is true that copper min- 

 erals exist in some of the valleys of the Alps, but it is very probable 

 that tho ancient lake-dwellers received the metal from more distant 

 countries where the mines were more easily worked. With respect 

 to tin, it is at any rate certain that the nearest beds are in Saxony, in 

 Cornwall, and in Spain. It has long been debated whether these 

 metals, tin, copper, and bronze, were brought to Switzerland already 

 worked, or were cast on the spot ; whether there was a local, native 

 industry, or the arms, instruments, and ornaments were brought, hav- 

 ing been already wrought out in foreign lands. It is now possible to 

 answer the question. Some of the articles were imported already 

 manufactured, for they evidently exhibit types of foreign industry. 

 A superb vase of cast bronze and a fibula from Corcelettes, on the 

 Lake of Neufchdtel, are preserved in the Museum of Lausanne, the 

 form and ornamentation of which are manifestly Scandinavian. Other 

 pieces, more numerous, recall forms of the south of France or of Italy. 

 On the other hand, ingots or pigs of unworked metal are very rare in 

 our finds. There was, however, also a local industry ; and the lake- 

 dwellers knew how to cast and hammer bronze in their own villages. 

 We have proof of this in a relatively considerable number of molds 

 deposited in the Swiss museums, among others at Lausanne, at Ge- 

 neva, and in Dr. Gross's collection. In the plates illustrating the last 

 collection are figured no less than three bronze molds, two of which 

 are double, eight clay valves or fragments of molds, and seventeen 

 molds or fragments in molasse (Fig. 2, No. 7). Sometimes one of 

 the stone molds served for the casting of several objects ; and the 

 seventeen molds of Dr. Gross contain the matrices for seventy-two 

 different pieces. Besides these molds, castings of bronze hammers, 

 anvils, shears, and punches, complete the outfit of the founder, and 

 demonstrate that his industry was indeed practiced on the spot. 

 Whether the founder was a native, and established where he worked, 

 or whether, like the tinkers of our own days, he was a foreigner and a 

 wanderer, is a question to which a definite answer can not be returned. 

 — Translated for the Popular Science Monthly from La Nature. 



THE MOKALITY OF HAPPINESS. 



Bt THOMAS FOSTEK. 

 III. — THE EVOLUTION OF CONDUCT. 



AS structures are evolved, so are the functions which structures 

 subserve. And as the functions of the body are evolved, so 

 are those combinations of bodily actions evolved which we include 

 under the general term conduct. 



