446 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



in the days when Liberals were rightly so called, and when the defini- 

 tion was, " one who advocates greater freedom from restraint, espe- 

 cially in political institutions." 



Thus, then, is justified the paradox I set out with. As we have 

 seen, Toryism and Liberalism originally emerged, the one from mili- 

 tancy, and the other from industrialism. The one stood for the regime 

 of status, and the other for the regime of contract — the one for that 

 system of compulsory co-operation which accompanies the legal ine- 

 quality of classes, and the other for that voluntary co-operation which 

 accompanies their legal equality ; and beyond all question the early 

 acts of the two parties were respectively for the maintenance of agen- 

 cies which effect this compulsory co-operation, and for the diminution 

 of them. Manifestly the implication is that, in so far as it has been 

 extending the system of compulsion, what is now called Liberalism is 

 a new form of Toryism. 



How truly this is so, we shall see still more clearly on looking at 

 the facts the other side upward, which we will presently do. 



COLLEGE ATHLETICS. 



Bt EUGENE L. EICHAEDS, 



ASSISTAKT PROFESSOE OF MATHEMATICS IK YALE COLLEGE. 



I. ADVANTAGES. 



YERY few persons will dissent from the proposition that stu- 

 dents should exercise their bodies. If called upon to state the 

 amount and kind of exercise needed, most people would be at a loss to 

 prescribe these particulars, and would content themselves with the 

 usual generalities about its being essential to health ; that it should be 

 BO regulated as to be recreative, but not so excessive as to be exhaust- 

 ing. There are numbers of intelligent men who, even assenting to 

 these generalities, never wake to the real truth of them till a violated 

 law of nature inflicts its penalty in their own ill health. However, we 

 must assume that we shall have the assent of sensible people if we 

 start with two principles : first, that young men who study need exer- 

 cise ; and, second, that exercise, to be beneficial, should be regular and 

 systematic. If we can show that college athletics supply this need to 

 quite a large body of students, and supply it regularly and systemati- 

 cally, we may secure a patient consideration of their good effects long 

 enough to add a discussion of their accompanying evils. In this dis- 

 cussion we hope to prove that the evils have been exaggerated ; that 

 they are not so great as would be the evils of a college-life without a 

 system of athletics ; and, lastly, that such evils as do inhere in the 

 present system are capable of remedy. 



