IHK GARDEN. 99 



over the surface of the ground before forking it over for the carrots. This 

 works it into the ground, and keeps the soil free from all sorts of grubs for 

 the whole season. The next best way is to sow the lime and soot between 

 the rows and hoe it into the ground. 



Coal Ash "Wallcs for the Garden. — Good, sound, dry walks are a 

 necessity in all garden giounds, in order that the work in them may be car- 

 ried on with comfort duiing all weathers, and although there is nothing like 

 good gravel for walks in pleasure grounds, it frequently happens that, from 

 the dif&culty of getting gravel in quantity within a reasonable distance, the 

 kitchen garden walks have to be made of what is most abundant. Ail«r try- 

 ing all sorts of materials in different counties, it was found that nothing 

 makes a better path than ashes. The way in which we usp them is to form 

 grass verges one foot wide and about one foot deep. In the bottom of the 

 walk are put brickbats, stones, or other rubbish. On these a good layer of 

 cUukers is spread, and broken down tolerably fine, when a good coating of 

 ashes is spread evenly over the surface, and rolled down. Tliese form one 

 of the plcasantest paths on which to walk, wheel, or cart that it is possible to 

 have. Weeds are not troublesome, for the material has been cleaned by 

 passing through the furnace, and if a few seeds blow on to the surface and 

 germinate they can be easily removed. 



Clob Root in Cabbage. _M. Waroniu, an authoritative microscopic 

 botanist of Europe, who has given particular attention to destructive insects, 

 and especially to those predatorj- in the cabbage, finds that the abnormal 

 growth on the roots, which he denominates club root, but which is known in 

 the United States as club foot, is caused by a minute fungus, to which he has 

 given the name of PlnsmodLophora brassicip. Thin sections of the diseased 

 portions reveal the fungus with its spores, under the higher powers of the 

 microscope. As the spores arc exceedingly numerous, the soil becomes in- 

 fested with them, and communicates the trouble to plants upon the same 

 soil next year. A diseased crop should not be followed by cabbage again. 

 Only healthy plants should be set. An application of lime to the soil has 

 proved of benefit, and from the nature of the trouble, he thinks, the use of 

 sulphur would bo useful. 



Soil for Sugar Beet«. — The beet requires a deep, permeable soil, for 

 its roots penetrate deeply into the ground and are abundantly supplied with 

 fine fibers through which it receives its nourishment. If the soil does not 

 permit the root to grow do\vn deeply the top will be forced to grow above the 

 ground, and the crown which grows out of ground is nearly worthless for 

 sugar purposes. A deep, sandy loam is the best soil to produce beets rich 

 in sugar. They will, however, grow on a variety of soils, and any soil which 

 will plow and subsoil to the depth of twelve or fifteen inches is a good beet 

 soil. Avoid all wet lands and muck bottoms as unsuitable. Beets will not 

 flourish on wet lands, and what grow are not sweet. Muck bottoms produce 

 large tops but small roots with little sugar in them. 



Sulphur and Tobacco. — A mixture of sulphur and finely ground 

 tobacco, two parts of the former to one of the latter, has been found an ex- 

 cellent preventive of the ravages of insects on squash and other vines, as 

 well as for keeping hce from cattle, dogs and poultry. It is also recom- 

 mended for sprinkling trees and bushes that are eaten bv canker "worm* or 

 currant worms, 



