ORCHARD AND YIXEYARD. 



100 



fcnn wagon. Firmly secure on top of the center of axle a pole (S) twelve 

 feet in length, the short end projecting from the axle two feet, to which is 

 secured a short chain with hooks. Loosen the tree as before described; 

 wind about the tree, close to the grotmd, matting or old carpet, pass around 

 a small chain a number of times, into which catch in the hook, and by low- 

 ering the lever (S) to the grotmd the tree will assume the position shown in 

 Fig. 2. The heavy ball of earth keeps the tree in an upright position, and 

 one man holding the lever, and the other leading the horse, the tree is car- 

 ried to the place for its reception, and there deposited by raising the lever. 



Cmre of Tre*s After Transplant in^. — Newly transplanted trees that 

 are not starting properly should receive attention. The first suggestion is 

 always to pour water on the surfece. But little, if any, of this moisture 

 ever'reaches the roots, where it could be beneficial. Experience of late 

 years has taught our tree planters that when the soil is firmly pressed, so 

 as to come into immediate 

 contact with all the roots, 

 and of course stop all air 

 passages among them, but 

 little water after planting is 

 needed. During an exces- 

 sively dry spell, however, 

 several deep holes may be 

 made in the soU by means 

 of an iron bar, and water 

 poured in several times; 

 but in ordinary seasons a 

 Uberal mulch over the sur- 

 face will answer. The best 

 restorative for a weakly tree 

 after transplanting is to 

 shade the bark, and this 

 may be done by wrapping 

 the body loosely with news- 

 papers, allowing them to 

 extend even to the main 



branches, if large. Moisture over the tops is quite as helpfnl as at the roots, 

 so that a thorough syringing among the branches every evening tintil active 

 growth sets in will answer an excellent purpose. 



Point* on Pear Culture. — The cultivation, tmtil the trees have come 

 into their second or third year of bearing, may consist in growing com the 

 first year, as it affords considerable protection to the yoting trees from the 

 heat of the first stimmer. After this some hoed crop, like potatoes, peaa 

 or beans, may be grown; and it should be fertilized with well-rotted stable 

 manure and thoroughly cultivated. This keeps the trees supplied with 

 food and the soil loose and friable. Hot, violent manures should never be 

 applied to an orchard, and especially to one of pears. Use an ordinary one- 

 horse cultivator, and a good one-horse plow. A good workman will go deep 

 enough with such a plow, and not injure the roots as he would with a large 

 one. By all means be sure of the efficiency and carefulness of a man before 

 admitting him into the orchard with a horse and cultivator or plow. The 

 damage a poor man did in one of our orchards in less than half a day would 

 Bot have been covered bv two or three months of his wages, A five-year- 



TRAjrSPLASnXO UUIOK THEES. — FIO. 2. 



