LIVE STOCK. I5t 



ihe eyelid, at the upper comer of the lower lid, and evervyear thereafter hfl 

 has one well-defined wrinkle for each year of his age over nine. If, for in 

 stance, a horse has three wrinkles, he is twelve; if four, thirteen. Add th« 

 number of wrinkles to nine, and you will always get at it. So says the gen- 

 doman; and he is confident it will never fail. 



Sa^rdnst for Stables. — Nothing makes so soft and easy a bed for our 

 " dumb animals " as sawdust, more particularly the horse, as it is natural, 

 before lying down, either by pawing or stepping back and forward, to brush 

 all their bedding, if straw is used, under their hind feet, but would be less 

 liable to move the sawdust._ As regards injury to horses' feet or lungs oa 

 account of inhaling the dry dust, we know of a stable where horses are let, 

 and I was informed by the owner that he had used sawdust for twelve 

 years and never had been able to discover any bad effects from the tise of it, 

 and pointed out several horses that had been thus bedded for ten or twelve 

 years; and had sold the manure at the usual rates, and never had heard of 

 any objections on account of the sawdust. 



The AVatering of Hor«e«_M. P. Cartledge, member of the Royal 

 College of Veterinary Surgeons, urges the great necessity of allowing an un- 

 limited supply of water to horses; and he alludes to the very mistaken 

 notion among grooms and others having the control of horses that water 

 ad lihdum ia injurious. 'While grooms and others drink without stint them- 

 selves, they profess to know when a horse has drank sufficient, and so take 

 away the pstil before Ms natural wants are half satisfied. Horses will not 

 drink to excess if watered frequently, and in their case drinking does no 

 harm. 



Cribbing. — Cribbing is a vice which springs firom habit more than any 

 other cause. It begins frequently firom a desire to ease the teeth &om in- 

 'jonvenience or perhaps pain, at that period when the dentition is perfecting, 

 and then becomes fixed upon the horse as a ^•ice. It is not injurious except 

 when accompanied with "wind sucking," which is a series of deep inspira- 

 uons by which flatulence and beUy-ache are caused. When the habit is fixed 

 on a horse it is difficult to break it, and the only eflFective method is to use a 

 muzzle which prevents him from thus using his teeth. 



Linseed Oil for Horses—linseed oil is not only a valuable restorative 



: or sick horses, but is exceedingly useful in cases of inflammation of the 

 membranes, pecuhar to the organs of respiration and digestion; it shields 

 and lubricates the same, tranqiulizes the irritable state of the parts, and 

 favors healthy action. Put a couple of handfuls of seed into a bucket and 

 i>our a gallon and a half of boiling water upon it; cover it up a short time, 

 then add a couple of quarts of cold water, when it will be fit for use. In case 

 of an irritating cough add some honey. 



liVindgalls or PaflTs—WindgaUs are puffy swellings occurring along 

 the tendons of the legs of horses, below the knee. They are the restilta ol 

 sprains or strains of the tendons, and are generally filled with synovial fluid, 

 or lymph, or serum. A padded bandage, vnth astringent lotions appUed two 

 hours a di^ at first, adding two hours every day after, until it is kept on 

 continually, is the usual remedy. Rest from work is helpful to a cure. 



Brittle Feet, — Some horses have such brittle feet that it is difficult to 

 keep tiieir shoes on. This is often caused by a sudden change from excea* 



