LtrS UTOOlc. 165 



;lie Care and management is balanced by the savings of the liquid ani solid 

 aiannre. Both systems, therefore, are profitable nnder certain circum- 

 stances, the whole matter being regulated by soil, climate, capacity for pro- 

 duction, and distance from market. 



Rauing Calves — -A stock grower writes: As a general rule, I let the 

 calf Buck the cow for three days, then I take it away; and after it has been 

 twelve hours without food, I give it some new milk — about ten pounds, if I 

 can get him to eat it. If, while the calf is running with the cow, you can 

 handle it a little, so as to make it tame, it will learn to eat much easier. I 

 am a large, stout man, and can easily hold a calf. If the calf is tame, so 

 that it will come up to you and suck your hand, you can get it to eat the first 

 time without much trouble; but if it is not tame, I get a-siraddle of the calf^ 

 back him up in a comer, hold the paU between my knees, put one finger in 

 the calf's mouth, and with the other hand hold the calf's head in the pail, 

 and keep doing so until the calf commences to suck. Sometimes he will 

 begin right oflf, and others will refuse for maybe ten minutes; but I never 

 had one but what would suck after a while. By the third time I feed him I 

 commence to take my finger out of his mouth, and do so more and more 

 until he drinks without having a finger to suck. I feed entirely on new milk 

 for ten days, then give about half new and half twelve-hours-old skimmed 

 milk (using the cream I take oflf the milk on the table); then, after another 

 ten days, I drop the new milk, having done so by degrees, and feed half 

 twelve-hours-old skimmed milk and half skimmed milk. I work it so for a 

 little while; but soon give him all skimmed milk, giving about eleven or 

 twelve potmds at a feeding, and feed twice a day, without any meal or br&n. 

 I give in winter all the hay they want, keeping some before them all the 

 time. After a calf is three months old you can give it some meal or shorts, 

 if you wish; but I do not think it is best if it can have plenty of milk. I feed 

 calves until about five months old, and then commence to wean them by 

 degrees. K calves scour while they are being fed milk, I give them about 

 two teaspoonfuls of salt. In the summer I feed them their milk cold, and 

 it 13 generally thick, sour milk. In the winter I warm it a little, about milk- 

 warm or blood-heat. It is well to handle your calves some while they are 

 eating, so as to make them tame, and that i& one advantage of raising them 

 by hand, for they are generally tame. 



Cliarcoal for SioU VnimaLs. — In nine cases out often, when an animal 



is sick the digestion is wrong. Charcoal is the most efficient and rapid cor- 

 rective. The hired man came in with the inteUigence that one of the finest 

 cows was very sick, and a kind neighbor proposed the usual drugs and 

 poisons. The owner being ill and tmable to examine the cow, concluded 

 that the trouble came from over-eating, and ordered a teaspoonful of pul- 

 verized charcoal to be given in water. It was mixed, placed in a junk 

 bottle, the head turned downward. lu five minutes improvement was 

 visible, and in a few hours the animal was in the pasture quietly grazing. 

 Another instance of equal success occurred with a young heifer which had 

 become badly bloated by eating green apples after a hard wind. The bloat 

 was so severe that the sides were as hard as a barrel. The old remedy, 

 saleratus, was tried for correcting the acidity. But the attempts at putting it 

 down always raised coughing, and it did little good. Half a teaspoonful of 

 fresh powdered charcoal was given. In six hours all the appearance of the 

 bloat had gone, and the heifer was well. 



