LIVE STOCK. 167 



than in corn. In wheat bran, 2 to 8 1-2; in rye, 1 to 6. European field bean 

 baa 1 to 1.8 (one and eight-tenths), showing too much muscle-producing 

 for the fat-producing elements. The proper medium may be attained by 

 mixing two kinds of food. Thus com and peas mixed make the ratio about 

 correct. Clover hay is 1 to 3; lucerne, 1 to 2; vetch, 1 to a Utile more than 2. 



How Practical Fanners Manage tUeir Cattle. — A well-known firm 

 of practical farmers give the following information of the method pursued by 

 them: " Unless the weather is stormy, we turn our breeding bulls out for 

 exercise half of every day, often with the cowa in the pasture, when none of 

 them are in heat. After breeding our cowa we keep them in a stable, where 

 they cannot be with the other cows for from ten to fifteen hours. We have 

 a few stalls that are specially designed for cowa that are due to calve during 

 cold weather, and, of course, these are made as warm as we can get them. 

 We turn the cows out with their calves three times each day, until the calvea 

 are sis to eight weeks old, then only twice a day. We rarely allow calvea ta 

 run with dam in pasture, though we put the calves out to grass as soon aa 

 they have learned to eat it. Feed young calvea well on shelled com, oats 

 and meal. Have separate pastures for bulls and heifer calves and do not 

 allow them to pasture together after the bulla are three or four months old. 

 Our dry cows we winter principally on hay, feed- 

 ing very httle grain, except to young stock and 

 those that have calves at their sides, or those de- 

 signed for the show-ring. We breed our heifers 

 when about twenty months old." 



Calf "Weaner. — ^This invention relates to the 

 class of calf weaners adapted to be attached to 

 the central cartilage of the calfs nose, like a 

 bull ring, the parts of the weaner being pro- 

 vided with sharp points that come against the ^^^^ wtan-er 

 cow's bag when the calf attempts to suck. The 



parts or sections of the device are attached together by a pivot forming a 

 part of one of the points. They are held closed by means of a small screw. 

 This device is very effective, simple and cheap. 



Training Horns. — If it is desirable to straighten a horn, you may fre- 

 quently scrape with a piece of glass, or a knife, the hollow side, which will 

 cause it to grow taster on that side; but in that case it must not be scraped 

 deeply, for then it becomes weaker on that side, and will be turned toward 

 the weaker side. Some scrape the side toward which they wish to turn the 

 horn quite thin, and then scrape the opposite side just enough to make it 

 grow faster, and that will turn it toward the thinly scraped side. If you 

 wish to turn a horn up, scrape on the under side just enough to make it 

 grow faster on that side. A very barbarous way to turn a horn is sometimes 

 practiced, by searing with a hot iron on that side toward which the horn is to 

 be turned. This prevents the growth of horn on that side, and the growth 

 upon the other side turns the hom. The horns may be polished by rubbing 

 them mth fine sand paper, and then with pumice-stone, and then oiling 

 them. But this artificial manipulation of horns is seldom necessary. The 

 horns of well-fed cattle will generally grow in comely shape if let alone. 



The hair is sometimes oiled to give it a glossy appearance, but the best 

 gloss is put upon the hair by rich and appropriate feeding. Nature, tmder 

 proper conditions, does this work best 



