172 TJTja FARM. 



high, and it is not uncommon for a farmer to devote from tweniy to fifty acf^S 

 to this crop. Cattle are kept there in tine condition in winter on raw turnips, 

 and the latter also make excellent food for sheep. On rich land the crop 

 produces very largely, and a comparatively small space is sufficient for or- 

 dinary wants. 



Jumping Cattle. — To stop a cow or steer from jumping over fences nail 

 a horseshoe on one forward foot. This prevents the hoof from spreading, 

 and consequently renders the animal unable to spring. This is calculated 

 to be very effectual. 



Mixing Hay for Stock. — A mixture of one-third clover hay with timothy 

 and redtop is recommended for any kind of stock. This mixture, it is said, 

 will produce more milk, more growth, and more fat in stock than clear timo- 

 thy and redtop. 



Proportions of Food. — A milch cow, on the average, requires daily three 

 per cent, of her weight in hay to keep her in health, an ox two per cent., or 

 two and a half per cent, if working moderately. An ox fatting, five per cent, 

 at first, and four and a half per cent, when half fat; sheep three and a half 

 per cent, to keep in store order. If other food is substituted for hay, or a 

 part of it, its comparative value as a nutriment must be ascertained. Thus, 

 eight pounds of jDotatoes are equal to four pounds of good hay, while 

 eight pounds of turnips are only equal to one and three-fifths pounds of 

 hay. 



Carrots for Stock. — It is asserted, by those who have tested the matter, 

 that for stock-feeding an acre of carrots is worth about two hundred per 

 cent, more than the same gi-ound will do in grass. This will pay for increased 

 expense of cultivation, and leave a fair margin of extra profit. Cattle take 

 readily to carrots as a portion of their daily food, and the large yield per 

 acre should make them a greater favorite with farmers than they generally 

 are. The thinning and weeding appear to be a great drawback to their more 

 general cultivation. But with this expense the crop pays well. 



Celery Tops for Cows. — A writer in an Australian paper states that in 

 many instances the leaves of celery are highly esteemed as food for milck 

 cows, and are often preierred to red clover. The cows are said to eat then 

 greedily, and to yield on tliis food a far richer milk than on any other. Some 

 times leaves are cut up small, scalded ■with hot water, and given as a masH 

 mixed with bran, and sometimes they are fed whole in their natural stat 

 along with the other ordinary food 



The Best Feed for Cattle. — "We have seen pumpkins fed quite freeljj 

 ■with excellent result in quantity and quality of milk; but it is not fit or eco 

 nomical to feed too largely of any one food. Potatoes fed in moderation ar 

 excellent for milk; but given in too great a quantity they will reduce tM 

 yield. Turnips or beets must not be giveu too liberally; corn fodder, given 

 as a sole ration, is unprofitable; but fed with half pasture will keep up th| 

 yield of milk and add largely to the profit of the season. 



Phosphates for Cattle._A natural instinct leads cattle to eat bonefnfi 

 when their pastures are deficient in lime or phosphates of Ume. If these 

 bones are brought home and reduced to a fine powder, mixed with salt, and 

 placed in a box or boxes fixed in the barn-yard, the cows "vnll lick them and 



