THE DAIRY. 



225 



point to accommodate the spring of the pole. Fig. 2 is a vertical wheel with 



a rim abont two feet in width, on the inside of which the animal treads. It 



is necessary to have this wheel 



as much as eight or ten feet in 



diameter. The engraving 



gives ample insight into ita 



mechanical construction. 

 Fig. 3 is a water-power 



chum, showing the water 



wheel fitting easily into the 



box or flume, at the outlet of 



the dam, or it may be simply 



placed in a swifl-nmning 



brook, as it does not require 



much power or speed. The 



wheel should be about three 



feet in diameter. The power 



can be transmitted any dis- 

 tance by means of two wirea 



fastened upon poles with 



swing trees that receive a 



backward and forward motion 



from the crank of the water- 

 wheel. 



Fig. 4 represents a cheap 



chum power, which is both 



simple and practical. A is a 



\og, squared aiul set in the 



ground far en6ugh to be solid. 



B is the sweep— a four-inch scantling sixteen feet long, with a two-inch hole 



in one end and an axle on the other, and holes in the center for the standard, 



according to the length of the dash. C is the drive- wheel, eighteen inches 



in diameter, three inches 

 thick. D, the chum, which 

 stands still on a small one- 

 legged table, with the leg 

 running through the sweep 

 (B) and into the stationary 

 block. This arrangement 

 gives the dasher (E) two 

 motions, and causes the but- 

 ter to "come"Jn shorter 

 thne. F, beam guide; G, 

 beam; H, standard; I, hitch- 

 ing stick; J, whiffletree; K, 

 pitman. It is very easy to 

 operate. 



POWEB FOB CHrBSUTG.— FIG. 4. Hard Chnriiing asd 



Blue Cream. — It is a very 

 Qommon thing for a person with one cow to complain that her cream will not 

 ;hum, or that it chums with great difficulty. The reason is the cream is 

 kept so long to get a churning that it becomes too sour. Putting in eUk»r 



SOVKB FOB CHTBXISQ.— FIG. 3. 



