mgdehn FAUiiiER. 197 



an^'not in the least suppled. When the breaking- 

 „tackle is left off, and they are mounted for the roaS, 

 <having more food and rest, they frequently pliuige, 

 -and a second breaking becomes necessary. Then, 

 ?as few gentlemen can manage their own hcTses, 

 itliey are put into the hands of grooms, from whom 

 i^hej learn a variety of bad habits. ^ 



H If, on the other hand, your horse cames his head 

 (or rather his nose) too high, he generally makes 

 5ome amends by moving his shoulders lightly, and 

 .going safely. Attend to the cause of this fault. 

 ■"Borne horses have their necks set so low on their 

 'i shoulders, that they bend first down, then upwards, 

 like a stag's. Some have the upper line of their 

 -necks, from their ears to their withers, too short. 

 •^A head of this sort cannot possibly bend inwards 

 /and form an arch, because the vertebras (or neck 

 « bones) are too short to admit of flexure ; for in long 

 -; and short necked horses, the number of the vertebrae 

 =^is the same. In some, tlie jaw is so thick, that it 

 .(meets the neck, and the head by this means has not 

 room to bend. On the other hand, some have the 

 r Hinder line from the jaw to the breast so short, that 

 r:the neck cannot rise. ^^ 



.bnin all these cases, you may gain a little by a nice 

 liand with an easy bit ; but no curb, martingale, or 

 i other forcible method, will teach a horse to cany his 

 head or neck in a posture which nature has made 

 'Uneasy to him. By trying to pull in his nose far- 

 . ther than he can bear, you will add a bad habit to 

 nature. You could not indeed contrive a more 

 ' effectual method to make him continually toss his 

 '■ nose up, and throw his foam over you. j^"* 



The rule already given to ride a loose-necked 

 'horse, will be a proper one for all light-mouthed 

 yi horses ; one caution being added, which is, always 

 ; ff to search whether his saddle or girths may not in 

 riisome way pinch him ; and whether the bit may not 

 .'iiurt his lips by being too high in his mouth : be- 



