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NO attempt will be made to present 

 the symptoms or treatment of all the 

 various iliseases whieh live stock are 

 subject to. 



It may be said that the anatomy of the 

 farm animal is essentially the same as the 

 human being, the various ])arts and vital 

 organs of all animals and man perform the 

 same functions. While there is a difference 

 in their size, the heart of the horse, cow, 

 sheep or pig must be, as in man, the central 

 pumping machine; so the kidneys in the 

 domestic animal must, as in man, act as the 

 draining system for the excess fluid of the 

 body. Keei)ing in mind this similarity to 

 the body of man, we can, to a great extent, 

 prevent many of the common troubl(>s by 

 exercising the same care with the farm ani- 

 mals as we do in guarthng our own health. 



It is important to keep in mind "kind- 

 ness of heart"' often causes more intestinal 

 trouble in horses than any other cause- For 

 instance, owmers frequently having in mind 

 a hard day's work for the team, reason an 

 extra feed of grain will lend strength for the 

 coming exertion. Tiiey do not think that 

 were the positions reversed, the man would 

 not eat an extra amount and expect to 

 begin a hard day's labor on an engorged 

 stomach. Nor does a man after a long fast 

 and exhausting work fill his stomach with 

 cold water; rather he drinks small (|uantities 

 at a time- The owner does not think what 

 he would do under the circumstances, but 

 proceeds to give the animal all it desires- 



Again, it is the common practice^ among 

 farmers to keep hay before; tlieir animals at 

 all times. 



Go into the majority of the barns and we 

 find the mangers ci-owded with hay and the 

 stalls more or less littered with it. Animals 

 so fed rarely keep in condition and are never 

 able to i)erform the amount of work they 

 are capable of. For the average 1500-11). 

 farm horse 20 lbs. of hay a day is sufficient 

 and when in liard work the grain ration 

 can be increased, and reducecl when not 

 working. Where a good feeder is in charge 

 of a barn we find the mangers are cleaned 

 up of all feed. Again a careful owner sees 

 that his horses are given a laxative feed at 

 least once a week. vSudden changes of diet 

 for any animal must be avoided; horses 

 fresh from grass must be gradually brought 

 on to dry feed, and when animals are turned 

 out care should be taken not to ])ut them 

 in pastures which have an abundant growth. 

 This rule applies to all domestic animals- 



Live stock should not l)e fed entirely on 

 coarse woody material, such as straw, corn 

 stalks or hay, put uj) late in the season- 

 Their rations should be changed occasion- 

 ally to a more; laxative di(^t. Dry feed taxes 

 the digestive i)owers and if persistetl in brings 

 on a variety of bowel troubles. 



NURSING SICK ANIMALS 



As the work of caring for sick animals 

 falls ui)on the owner, a few fundamental 

 principles ma}^ be laid down for his guid- 

 ance. Again, the owner is to be n^miuded 

 of conditions were; he the ])atient. As a 

 rule he may simply think of what would add 

 to his comfort, and by applying them to 

 the patient feel assured he is c.-u-ryiiig out 

 the proper method. 



RANGE CATTLE 



392572 



