FOR THE NATIONAL WEALTH 77 



cells which, when placed in a mixture of wine 

 and vinegar, produced an excellent and regular 

 acetification. Up to this time the industry of 

 the vinegar makers of Orleans was subject to all 

 sorts of losses due to ignorance and to chance. 

 Pasteur furnished them with a method which 

 never failed. He saved them from the daily 

 anxiety of obtaining bad products, and he 

 helped them to gain millions. 



At the same time that he was occupied with 

 vinegars Pasteur had been investigating even 

 as far back as 1863 the origin of different mala- 

 dies which affect wines. The municipal coun- 

 sel of Arbois, priding themselves on this illus- 

 trious compatriot, offered him a laboratory 

 where he might pursue these studies that were 

 of interest to all the wine growers of France. 

 Pasteur preferred to be installed in independent 

 quarters; and Duclaux, who on several occa- 

 sions directed the experiments made at Arbois, 

 has given a most picturesque description of the 

 place. The laboratory had been established in 

 a former cafe: 



