168 THE LYCHEE AND LUNGAN 



PLATE XXIII. Cells of lychee root tubercles containing the mycorhizal fungus. 

 Drawings by Dr. Arzberger with the aid of a camera lucida. 



FIGURE a. Group of host cells from the outer part of the cortex, contain- 

 ing a relatively stout mycelium. (Magnification 775 diameters.) 



FIGURE b. Group of host cells from the inner part of the cortex, showing a 

 distorted host nucleus and the relationship of the branches of the mycelium 

 to one another. (Magnification 775 diameters.) 



FIGURE c. Host cell from the outer part of the cortex, showing a large 

 nucleus and the presence of cytoplasm. (Magnification 775 diameters.) 



FIGURE d. Group of inner cortical host cells, bordering on the vascular 

 cylinder, showing the structure and relationship of the mycelial branches. 

 (Magnification 500 diameters.) 



PLATE XXIV, FIGURE 30. Reclaimed swampy land, planted to lychee. A 

 clear illustration of the raised-bed system of orchard planting, Tung Kuan 

 district, Kwangtung, China, March, 1917. Photograph (No. 1145) by the 

 author. 



PLATE XXIV, FIGURE 31. Scene of low-lying lychee groves, from substantially 

 constructed bridge across a canal, Tung Kuan district, Kwangtung, China, 

 March, 1917. Photograph (No. 1143) by the author. 



PLATE XXV, FIGURE 32. Cantonese farmer at work along the dykes, fertilizing 

 lychee trees with night soil. The fertilizer is carried in the buckets, from the 

 boats (PLATE XXVI, FIGURE 34) ; small holes are dug near the base of the 

 tree and a liberal quantity of this liquid fertilizer is poured into the holes. In 

 the watery field on the left sagittaria is growing; in the field to the right the 

 stubble remaining from the second crop of rice is seen. Near Canton, China, 

 December, 1913. Photograph (No. 1026.242) by the author. 



PLATE XXVI, FIGURE 33. A raised-bed plantation of lychee, showing holes 

 dug in the beds, into which the liquid night soil is poured. Honan Island, 

 Canton, China, March, 1917. Photograph (No. 1144) by the author. 



PLATE XXVI, FIGURE 34. Unloading night soil boats for tMe fertilizing of 

 lychee trees. Hundreds of these boats ply between Canton City and the 

 country districts. The long bamboo handle on the dipper serves also as a 

 pole on which to swing the two buckets when the man carries them, swung 

 across his shoulder, to the dykes. Near Canton, China, December, 1913. 

 Photograph (No. 1025.241) by the author. 



PLATE XXVII, FIGURE 35. Lychee fruits arriving at the markets in Canton. 

 The fruits are. transported from the districts in the large, covered, bamboo 

 baskets, in the passage boats seen in the photograph. The man, singing as 

 he jogs along, is carrying two of these heavy baskets of fruit, one attached to 

 each end of a large bamboo pole swung across his shoulder. Canton City, 

 China, July, 1915. Photograph (No. 1077.739) by the author. 



PLATE XXVII, FIGURE 36. Extensive nursery beds of lychee as seen at Fang 

 Yung. These plants have all been "Chinese air-layered" from selected trees 

 and planted closely together in nursery beds. Fang Yung, Tung Kuan 

 district, Kwangtung, China, March, 1917. Photograph (No. 1142) by the 

 author. 



