58 GIUFFRIDA-RUGGERI & CHAKLADAR 



brachycephals as Mongolians or Mongoloids 1 , whatever 

 other characters they may possess in all the rest of their hody 

 and in whatever parts of Europe or of Asia they may be 

 found 2 . In the same way that De Lapouge said that with 

 a little of the yellow tint Prance would be a country of 

 true Mongolians 3 , so the Sergian craniological simplicity 

 would conduct us to the same result that is manifestly 

 the most one-sided conclusion and only founded upon a 

 simple premise. Quite different are the results which one 

 arrives at wheneA 7 er one does not accept with closed eyes 

 the very simple criterion that brachycephalism always 

 marks out a Mongoloid, which is equivalent to saying 

 and it does not matter that this is not declared in an 

 explicit fashion, seeing in fact that there is no other 

 systematic criterion that this soje character is sufficient 

 to settle the question of races. We and with us almost 

 all anthropologists prefer the definition of Pittard, one 

 of the few who have travelled to study the human races 

 in situ and have found themselves faced by the reality, 

 which is so very different from mere verbal creations. 

 " A human race is not characterised with the aid of a 

 single morphological definition. It is the association of 

 several characters, found among all the individuals of 

 the same group, that determines the race,"* Practically, 



' SERGI (G.J, Europa, op. oil., p, 551, ' ; Although of hybrid origin these Euro- 

 Asians are Mongoloids." This is the conclusion to which abovo all he sticks. A 

 few pages afterwards the same author ndds : " A species derived from Homo Asiaticns 

 in its skeletal characters." 



5 He excludes America, which is incomprehensible, if this skeletal character 

 should have such a preponderating discriminative value : but in reality it is not n, 

 skeletal character that has any specific (or eventually, ' generic ') value when not 

 accompanied by other concomitant characters, and this is the reason why the Sergi- 

 an system rests condemned. Cf with regard to the absence of such concomitant 

 characters, GIUFFRIDA-RUGGERI. (V.), I caratteri craniologici degl' Indonesian^,. " Arch, 

 per. 1'Anthrop. e PEtnol.," XLVI, pp. 148-150. 



3 DE LAPOUGK (V.), Pace et milieu social. Paris, 1909, p. 70. 



* PITTARD (E.), Les caracteres anthropologiques principaux des population* 

 balkaniqiif*. " Le Globe." T. 56, Memoires. Geneve. 1917, p. 88. Pittard notes, for 



